Rachel L Peters1, Katrina J Allen2, Shyamali C Dharmage3, Jennifer J Koplin4, Thanh Dang4, Kate P Tilbrook1, Adrian Lowe3, Mimi L K Tang5, Lyle C Gurrin3. 1. Population Health, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. 2. Population Health, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; School of Inflammation and Repair, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: katie.allen@rch.org.au. 3. Population Health, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. 4. Population Health, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia. 5. Population Health, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are no prospectively collected data available on the natural history of peanut allergy in early childhood. Previous studies of predictors of tolerance development have been biased by failure to challenge high-risk children when IgE antibody levels are high, therefore potentially introducing bias to persistent allergy. OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe the natural history of peanut allergy between 1 and 4 years of age and develop thresholds for skin prick test (SPT) results and specific IgE (sIgE) levels measured at age 1 and 4 years that have 95% positive predictive value (PPV) or negative predictive value for the persistence or resolution of peanut allergy. METHODS: One-year-old infants with challenge-confirmed peanut allergy (n = 156) from the population-based, longitudinal HealthNuts Study (n = 5276) were followed up at 4 years of age with repeat oral food challenges, SPTs, and sIgE measurements (n = 103). Challenges were undertaken in all peanut-sensitized children at 1 and 4 years of age, irrespective of risk profile. RESULTS: Peanut allergy resolved in 22% (95% CI, 14% to 31%) of children by age 4 years. Decreasing wheal size predicted tolerance, and increasing wheal size was associated with persistence. Thresholds for SPT responses and sIgE levels at age 1 year with a 95% PPV for persistent peanut allergy are an SPT-induced response of 13 mm or greater and an sIgE level of 5.0 kU/L or greater. Thresholds for SPT and sIgE results at age 4 years with a 95% PPV for persistent peanut allergy are an SPT response of 8 mm or greater and an sIgE level of 2.1 kU/L or greater. Ara h 2, tree nut, and house dust mite sensitization; coexisting food allergies; eczema; and asthma were not predictive of persistent peanut allergy. CONCLUSION: These thresholds are the first to be generated from a unique data set in which all participants underwent oral food challenges at both diagnosis and follow-up, irrespective of SPT and sIgE results.
BACKGROUND: There are no prospectively collected data available on the natural history of peanutallergy in early childhood. Previous studies of predictors of tolerance development have been biased by failure to challenge high-risk children when IgE antibody levels are high, therefore potentially introducing bias to persistent allergy. OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe the natural history of peanutallergy between 1 and 4 years of age and develop thresholds for skin prick test (SPT) results and specific IgE (sIgE) levels measured at age 1 and 4 years that have 95% positive predictive value (PPV) or negative predictive value for the persistence or resolution of peanutallergy. METHODS: One-year-old infants with challenge-confirmed peanutallergy (n = 156) from the population-based, longitudinal HealthNuts Study (n = 5276) were followed up at 4 years of age with repeat oral food challenges, SPTs, and sIgE measurements (n = 103). Challenges were undertaken in all peanut-sensitized children at 1 and 4 years of age, irrespective of risk profile. RESULTS:Peanutallergy resolved in 22% (95% CI, 14% to 31%) of children by age 4 years. Decreasing wheal size predicted tolerance, and increasing wheal size was associated with persistence. Thresholds for SPT responses and sIgE levels at age 1 year with a 95% PPV for persistent peanutallergy are an SPT-induced response of 13 mm or greater and an sIgE level of 5.0 kU/L or greater. Thresholds for SPT and sIgE results at age 4 years with a 95% PPV for persistent peanutallergy are an SPT response of 8 mm or greater and an sIgE level of 2.1 kU/L or greater. Ara h 2, tree nut, and house dust mite sensitization; coexisting food allergies; eczema; and asthma were not predictive of persistent peanutallergy. CONCLUSION: These thresholds are the first to be generated from a unique data set in which all participants underwent oral food challenges at both diagnosis and follow-up, irrespective of SPT and sIgE results.
Authors: Alkis Togias; Susan F Cooper; Maria L Acebal; Amal Assa'ad; James R Baker; Lisa A Beck; Julie Block; Carol Byrd-Bredbenner; Edmond S Chan; Lawrence F Eichenfield; David M Fleischer; George J Fuchs; Glenn T Furuta; Matthew J Greenhawt; Ruchi S Gupta; Michele Habich; Stacie M Jones; Kari Keaton; Antonella Muraro; Marshall Plaut; Lanny J Rosenwasser; Daniel Rotrosen; Hugh A Sampson; Lynda C Schneider; Scott H Sicherer; Robert Sidbury; Jonathan Spergel; David R Stukus; Carina Venter; Joshua A Boyce Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2017-01 Impact factor: 10.793
Authors: Scott H Sicherer; Robert A Wood; Brian P Vickery; Tamara T Perry; Stacie M Jones; Donald Y M Leung; Beth Blackwell; Peter Dawson; A Wesley Burks; Robert Lindblad; Hugh A Sampson Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract Date: 2015-12-21
Authors: Brian P Vickery; Jelena P Berglund; Caitlin M Burk; Jason P Fine; Edwin H Kim; Jung In Kim; Corinne A Keet; Michael Kulis; Kelly G Orgel; Rishu Guo; Pamela H Steele; Yamini V Virkud; Ping Ye; Benjamin L Wright; Robert A Wood; A Wesley Burks Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2016-08-10 Impact factor: 10.793