Pneumothorax resulting from subclavian puncture: a complication of permanent pacemaker lead implantation.

Pneumothorax is a mild complication during pacemaker lead implantation using the subclavian puncture technique. We report on five-year experience in 433 pacemaker lead implantation procedures in 379 patients. The cephalic vein route was solely used in twelve patients. Three procedures were performed over time in four patients and one patient needed four repetitive punctures for pacemaker lead implantation and replacement. Thus 421 punctures were carried out in 367 patients. Eleven case of pneumothorax were observed: in eight patients (1.9%) a partial pneumothorax occurred and in three patients (0.7%) the pneumothorax was nearly complete. In the latter patients a chest tube was inserted and hospital admission was prolonged for 3, 6 and 6 days, respectively. Old age with a corresponding abnormality in the form of chest deformation were predominantly found in the patients with this type of complication.