Ann R Strom1, Dennis E Cortés2,3, Carol A Rasmussen4, Sara M Thomasy1, Kim McIntyre5, Shwu-Fei Lee6, Philip H Kass7, Mark J Mannis2, Christopher J Murphy1,2. 1. Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. 2. Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, UC Davis Eye Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y St., Suite 2400, CA 95817, USA. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Avenida Libertador Bernado O. Higgins 340, Chile. 4. Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2828 Marshall Court Suite 200, WI 53705, USA. 5. Comparative Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2828 Marshall Court Suite 200, WI 53705, USA. 6. Covance Laboratories, Inc., Madison, 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, WI 53704, USA. 7. Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and School of Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To obtain normative data for the canine cornea and conjunctiva using high-resolution time- and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT and FD-OCT) and ultrasound pachymetry (USP). ANIMALS: One hundred sixty-eight eyes of 133 healthy young intact laboratory beagles. PROCEDURES: The cornea and conjunctiva of 16 eyes of 8 healthy young intact female beagles were imaged using FD-OCT. Corneal thickness was measured with FD-OCT and USP, while corneal epithelial thickness and conjunctival epithelial thickness were measured with FD-OCT. The central corneal thickness (CCT) was determined in 152 eyes of 125 healthy young adult intact female (35) and male (90) beagles using TD-OCT. Mixed effects linear regression was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The CCT was (mean ± standard deviation) 497.54 ± 29.76, 555.49 ± 17.19, and 594.81 ± 33.02 μm as measured by FD-OCT, USP, and TD-OCT, respectively. The central, superior paraxial, superior perilimbal corneal epithelial thickness and superior bulbar conjunctival epithelial thickness were 52.38 ± 7.27, 56.96 ± 6.47, 69.06 ± 8.84 and 42.98 ± 6.17 μm, respectively. When comparing techniques used for measuring CCT (USP vs. FD-OCT and FD-OCT vs. TD-OCT), USP and TD-OCT generated significantly greater values in comparison with FD-OCT (both P < 0.001). For all dogs, CCT increased with increasing age and body weight (both P < 0.001) and was higher in intact males vs. females using TD-OCT (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: High-resolution FD-OCT and TD-OCT provide detailed noninvasive evaluation of in vivo canine anterior segment structures. Normative values of the canine cornea and conjunctiva are reported.
OBJECTIVE: To obtain normative data for the caninecornea and conjunctiva using high-resolution time- and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT and FD-OCT) and ultrasound pachymetry (USP). ANIMALS: One hundred sixty-eight eyes of 133 healthy young intact laboratory beagles. PROCEDURES: The cornea and conjunctiva of 16 eyes of 8 healthy young intact female beagles were imaged using FD-OCT. Corneal thickness was measured with FD-OCT and USP, while corneal epithelial thickness and conjunctival epithelial thickness were measured with FD-OCT. The central corneal thickness (CCT) was determined in 152 eyes of 125 healthy young adult intact female (35) and male (90) beagles using TD-OCT. Mixed effects linear regression was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The CCT was (mean ± standard deviation) 497.54 ± 29.76, 555.49 ± 17.19, and 594.81 ± 33.02 μm as measured by FD-OCT, USP, and TD-OCT, respectively. The central, superior paraxial, superior perilimbal corneal epithelial thickness and superior bulbar conjunctival epithelial thickness were 52.38 ± 7.27, 56.96 ± 6.47, 69.06 ± 8.84 and 42.98 ± 6.17 μm, respectively. When comparing techniques used for measuring CCT (USP vs. FD-OCT and FD-OCT vs. TD-OCT), USP and TD-OCT generated significantly greater values in comparison with FD-OCT (both P < 0.001). For all dogs, CCT increased with increasing age and body weight (both P < 0.001) and was higher in intact males vs. females using TD-OCT (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: High-resolution FD-OCT and TD-OCT provide detailed noninvasive evaluation of in vivo canine anterior segment structures. Normative values of the caninecornea and conjunctiva are reported.
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