Site-specific protein immobilization using unnatural amino acids.

Protein immobilization confers the advantages of biological systems to a more chemical setting and has applications in catalysis, sensors, and materials development. While numerous immobilization techniques exist, it is optimal to develop a well-defined and chemically stable methodology to allow for full protein function. This paper describes the utilization of unnatural amino acid technologies to introduce bioorthogonal handles in a site-specific fashion for protein immobilization. To develop this approach a range of solid-supports, organic linkers, and protein immobilization sites have been investigated using a GFP reporter system. Overall, a sepharose resin derivatized with propargyl alcohol has afforded the highest yields of immobilized protein. Moreover, an unnatural amino acid residue protein context has been demonstrated, signifying a necessity to consider the protein site of immobilization. Finally, a resin-conferred stabilization was demonstrated in several organic solvents.