BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine tracers designed to overcome the disadvantages of indocyanine green (ICG), which disperses quickly to multiple lymph nodes, using a near-infrared (NIR) imaging system in animal models. METHODS: Diluted ICG, ICG/poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) complex, and IRDye900-conjugated pullulan-cholesterol nanoprobe "near-infrared polynagogel" (NIR-PNG) were injected into the stomachs of dogs and pigs, and the patterns of dispersion were observed using an NIR imaging system. To compare retention times, fluorescence signals were evaluated in the stomach and small bowel of animals 1 week after injection. RESULTS: A diluted concentration (~0.1 mg/ml) of ICG was optimal for NIR imaging compared with the conventional concentration (5 mg/ml) for visual inspection. When injected into the stomach, the signals of ICG and ICG/PGA complex were relatively large at the injection site, and signals were detected at multiple sentinel nodes and lymph nodes beyond them. The NIR-PNG signal intensity was relatively small at the injection site and limited to only one sentinel node with no additional node. When evaluated 1 week after injection, only the NIR-PNG signal was detected in the canine stomach, and the signal intensity at the lymph nodes of the porcine small bowel was the highest with NIR-PNG, followed by ICG/PGA complex and finally ICG. CONCLUSION: NIR-PNG showed the best characteristics of less dispersion and longer retention in the sentinel nodes, and ICG/PGA complex remained longer than diluted ICG. These tracers could potentially be used as optimal tracers for sentinel node navigation surgery in gastric cancer.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine tracers designed to overcome the disadvantages of indocyanine green (ICG), which disperses quickly to multiple lymph nodes, using a near-infrared (NIR) imaging system in animal models. METHODS: Diluted ICG, ICG/poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) complex, and IRDye900-conjugated pullulan-cholesterol nanoprobe "near-infrared polynagogel" (NIR-PNG) were injected into the stomachs of dogs and pigs, and the patterns of dispersion were observed using an NIR imaging system. To compare retention times, fluorescence signals were evaluated in the stomach and small bowel of animals 1 week after injection. RESULTS: A diluted concentration (~0.1 mg/ml) of ICG was optimal for NIR imaging compared with the conventional concentration (5 mg/ml) for visual inspection. When injected into the stomach, the signals of ICG and ICG/PGA complex were relatively large at the injection site, and signals were detected at multiple sentinel nodes and lymph nodes beyond them. The NIR-PNG signal intensity was relatively small at the injection site and limited to only one sentinel node with no additional node. When evaluated 1 week after injection, only the NIR-PNG signal was detected in the canine stomach, and the signal intensity at the lymph nodes of the porcine small bowel was the highest with NIR-PNG, followed by ICG/PGA complex and finally ICG. CONCLUSION:NIR-PNG showed the best characteristics of less dispersion and longer retention in the sentinel nodes, and ICG/PGA complex remained longer than diluted ICG. These tracers could potentially be used as optimal tracers for sentinel node navigation surgery in gastric cancer.
Authors: Sungjee Kim; Yong Taik Lim; Edward G Soltesz; Alec M De Grand; Jaihyoung Lee; Akira Nakayama; J Anthony Parker; Tomislav Mihaljevic; Rita G Laurence; Delphine M Dor; Lawrence H Cohn; Moungi G Bawendi; John V Frangioni Journal: Nat Biotechnol Date: 2003-12-07 Impact factor: 54.908
Authors: Steven T Proulx; Paola Luciani; Stefanie Derzsi; Matthias Rinderknecht; Viviane Mumprecht; Jean-Christophe Leroux; Michael Detmar Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2010-09-07 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Susan L Troyan; Vida Kianzad; Summer L Gibbs-Strauss; Sylvain Gioux; Aya Matsui; Rafiou Oketokoun; Long Ngo; Ali Khamene; Fred Azar; John V Frangioni Journal: Ann Surg Oncol Date: 2009-07-07 Impact factor: 5.344
Authors: Andrea Picchetto; Barbara Seeliger; Stefania La Rocca; Manuel Barberio; Giancarlo D'Ambrosio; Jacques Marescaux; Michele Diana Journal: Chirurg Date: 2019-11 Impact factor: 0.955