Doug King1, Matt Brughelli, Patria Hume, Conor Gissane. 1. Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ) at AUT Millennium, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, dking@aut.ac.nz.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sport-related concussions are a subset of mild traumatic brain injuries and are a concern for many sporting activities worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To review and update the literature in regard to the history, pathophysiology, recognition, assessment, management and knowledge of concussion. METHODS: Searches of electronic literature databases were performed to identify studies published up until April 2013. RESULTS: 292 publications focussing on concussion met the inclusion criteria, and so they were quality rated and reviewed. CONCLUSION: Concussion is hard to recognize and diagnose. Initial sideline assessment via the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3), Child-SCAT3 or King-Devick test should be undertaken to identify athletes with concussion as part of a continuum of assessment modalities and athlete management. Sports medicine practitioners should be cognisant of the definition, extent and nature of concussion, and should work with coaches, athletes and trainers to identify and manage concussions. The most common reason for variations in management of concussion is lack of awareness of-and confusion about-the many available published guidelines for concussion. Future research should focus on better systems and tools for recognition, assessment and management of concussion. Sport participants' knowledge of concussion should be evaluated more rigorously, with interventions for sports where there is little knowledge of recognition, assessment and appropriate management of concussion.
BACKGROUND: Sport-related concussions are a subset of mild traumatic brain injuries and are a concern for many sporting activities worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To review and update the literature in regard to the history, pathophysiology, recognition, assessment, management and knowledge of concussion. METHODS: Searches of electronic literature databases were performed to identify studies published up until April 2013. RESULTS: 292 publications focussing on concussion met the inclusion criteria, and so they were quality rated and reviewed. CONCLUSION: Concussion is hard to recognize and diagnose. Initial sideline assessment via the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3), Child-SCAT3 or King-Devick test should be undertaken to identify athletes with concussion as part of a continuum of assessment modalities and athlete management. Sports medicine practitioners should be cognisant of the definition, extent and nature of concussion, and should work with coaches, athletes and trainers to identify and manage concussions. The most common reason for variations in management of concussion is lack of awareness of-and confusion about-the many available published guidelines for concussion. Future research should focus on better systems and tools for recognition, assessment and management of concussion. Sport participants' knowledge of concussion should be evaluated more rigorously, with interventions for sports where there is little knowledge of recognition, assessment and appropriate management of concussion.
Authors: Melissa C Brouwers; Michelle E Kho; George P Browman; Jako S Burgers; Francoise Cluzeau; Gene Feder; Béatrice Fervers; Ian D Graham; Jeremy Grimshaw; Steven E Hanna; Peter Littlejohns; Julie Makarski; Louise Zitzelsberger Journal: CMAJ Date: 2010-07-05 Impact factor: 8.262
Authors: Michael W Kirkwood; Keith Owen Yeates; H Gerry Taylor; Christopher Randolph; Michael McCrea; Vicki A Anderson Journal: Clin Neuropsychol Date: 2007-09-01 Impact factor: 3.535
Authors: Emma J Tavender; Marije Bosch; Sally Green; Denise O'Connor; Veronica Pitt; Kate Phillips; Peter Bragge; Russell L Gruen Journal: Acad Emerg Med Date: 2011-08 Impact factor: 3.451
Authors: Yang Wang; Lindsay D Nelson; Ashley A LaRoche; Adam Y Pfaller; Andrew S Nencka; Kevin M Koch; Michael A McCrea Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2015-11-12 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: James H Brennan; Biswadev Mitra; Anneliese Synnot; Joanne McKenzie; Catherine Willmott; Andrew S McIntosh; Jerome J Maller; Jeffrey V Rosenfeld Journal: Sports Med Date: 2017-03 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Brian L Brooks; Rebekah Mannix; Bruce Maxwell; Ross Zafonte; Paul D Berkner; Grant L Iverson Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 2016-07-29 Impact factor: 6.202
Authors: Grant L Iverson; Noah D Silverberg; Rebekah Mannix; Bruce A Maxwell; Joseph E Atkins; Ross Zafonte; Paul D Berkner Journal: JAMA Pediatr Date: 2015-12 Impact factor: 16.193