OBJECTIVE: To examine depression and baseline neurocognitive function and concussion symptoms in male and female high school and college athletes. DESIGN: Cross sectional. SETTING: Athletes completed testing at a designated computer laboratory at high schools and colleges. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included 1616 collegiate (n = 837) and high school (n = 779) athletes from 3 states participating in a variety of competitive sports. INTERVENTIONS: Participants completed the baseline Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT), symptom inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Between-group comparisons for depression groups on ImPACT composite scores (verbal and visual memory, reaction time, motor processing speed), total symptoms, and symptom cluster (sleep, cognitive, emotional, somatic/migraine) scores. Between-group comparisons for age and sex on BDI-II, ImPACT, total symptoms, and symptom cluster scores. RESULTS: The severe depression group scored worse on visual memory and reported more total, somatic/migraine, cognitive, emotional, and sleep symptoms than less depressed groups. High school athletes reported more somatic/migraine symptoms than collegiate athletes, whereas collegiate athletes reported more emotional and sleep symptoms than high school athletes. Women had higher verbal memory and reported more cognitive, emotional, and sleep symptom clusters compared with men. Women outperformed men on verbal memory, whereas collegiate athletes outperformed high school athletes on processing speed. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes with severe depression scored lower on visual memory than those with minimal depression. Athletes with severe depression report more concussion symptoms than athletes with minimal and moderate depression scores. Symptoms of depression should be included in baseline assessments to help disentangle depression from concussion symptoms.
OBJECTIVE: To examine depression and baseline neurocognitive function and concussion symptoms in male and female high school and college athletes. DESIGN: Cross sectional. SETTING: Athletes completed testing at a designated computer laboratory at high schools and colleges. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included 1616 collegiate (n = 837) and high school (n = 779) athletes from 3 states participating in a variety of competitive sports. INTERVENTIONS:Participants completed the baseline Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT), symptom inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Between-group comparisons for depression groups on ImPACT composite scores (verbal and visual memory, reaction time, motor processing speed), total symptoms, and symptom cluster (sleep, cognitive, emotional, somatic/migraine) scores. Between-group comparisons for age and sex on BDI-II, ImPACT, total symptoms, and symptom cluster scores. RESULTS: The severe depression group scored worse on visual memory and reported more total, somatic/migraine, cognitive, emotional, and sleep symptoms than less depressed groups. High school athletes reported more somatic/migraine symptoms than collegiate athletes, whereas collegiate athletes reported more emotional and sleep symptoms than high school athletes. Women had higher verbal memory and reported more cognitive, emotional, and sleep symptom clusters compared with men. Women outperformed men on verbal memory, whereas collegiate athletes outperformed high school athletes on processing speed. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes with severe depression scored lower on visual memory than those with minimal depression. Athletes with severe depression report more concussion symptoms than athletes with minimal and moderate depression scores. Symptoms of depression should be included in baseline assessments to help disentangle depression from concussion symptoms.
Authors: R J Elbin; Tracey Covassin; Luke Henry; Diana J Whalen; Jennine Wedge; Anthony P Kontos Journal: Transl Stroke Res Date: 2012-12-21 Impact factor: 6.829
Authors: Kelly Sarmiento; Gerard A Gioia; Michael W Kirkwood; Shari L Wade; Keith O Yeates Journal: Clin Neuropsychol Date: 2019-09-18 Impact factor: 3.535
Authors: Michael W Collins; Anthony P Kontos; David O Okonkwo; Jon Almquist; Julian Bailes; Mark Barisa; Jeffrey Bazarian; O Josh Bloom; David L Brody; Robert Cantu; Javier Cardenas; Jay Clugston; Randall Cohen; Ruben Echemendia; R J Elbin; Richard Ellenbogen; Janna Fonseca; Gerard Gioia; Kevin Guskiewicz; Robert Heyer; Gillian Hotz; Grant L Iverson; Barry Jordan; Geoffrey Manley; Joseph Maroon; Thomas McAllister; Michael McCrea; Anne Mucha; Elizabeth Pieroth; Kenneth Podell; Matthew Pombo; Teena Shetty; Allen Sills; Gary Solomon; Danny G Thomas; Tamara C Valovich McLeod; Tony Yates; Ross Zafonte Journal: Neurosurgery Date: 2016-12 Impact factor: 4.654
Authors: Paul E Cohen; Alicia Sufrinko; Robert J Elbin; Michael W Collins; Aaron M Sinnott; Anthony P Kontos Journal: Clin J Sport Med Date: 2018-03-28 Impact factor: 3.638