Noora Kanerva1, Niina E Kaartinen1, Ursula Schwab2, Marjaana Lahti-Koski3, Satu Männistö1. 1. 1Department of Chronic Disease Prevention,National Institute for Health and Welfare,PO Box 30,FI-00270 Helsinki,Finland. 2. 2Department of Clinical Nutrition,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition,University of Eastern Finland,Kuopio,Finland. 3. 4Finnish Heart Association,Helsinki,Finland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The health-related effects of the Nordic diet remain mostly unidentified. We created a Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) for epidemiological research to indicate adherence to a healthy Nordic diet. We examined associations between the score and nutrient intakes that are considered important in promoting public health. We also examined the performance of the BSDS under two different cut-off strategies. DESIGN: The cross-sectional study included two phases of the National FINRISK 2007 Study. Diet was assessed using a validated FFQ. Food and nutrient intakes were calculated using in-house software. Nine components were selected for the score. Each component was scored according to both sex-specific consumption quartiles (BSDS-Q) and medians (BSDS-M), and summed to give the final score values. SETTING: A large representative sample of the Finnish population. SUBJECTS: Men (n 2217) and women (n 2493) aged 25 to 74 years. RESULTS: In the age- and energy-adjusted model, adherence to the diet was associated with a higher intake of carbohydrates (E%), and lower intakes of SFA (E%) and alcohol (E%, where E% is percentage of total energy intake; P < 0·01). Furthermore, the intakes of fibre, Fe, vitamins A, C and D, and folate were higher among participants who adhered to the diet (P < 0·05). After further adjustments, the results remained significant (P < 0·05) and did not differ remarkably between BSDS-Q and BSDS-M. CONCLUSIONS: The BSDS can be used as a measure of a healthy Nordic diet to assess diet-health relationships in public health surveys in Nordic countries.
OBJECTIVE: The health-related effects of the Nordic diet remain mostly unidentified. We created a Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) for epidemiological research to indicate adherence to a healthy Nordic diet. We examined associations between the score and nutrient intakes that are considered important in promoting public health. We also examined the performance of the BSDS under two different cut-off strategies. DESIGN: The cross-sectional study included two phases of the National FINRISK 2007 Study. Diet was assessed using a validated FFQ. Food and nutrient intakes were calculated using in-house software. Nine components were selected for the score. Each component was scored according to both sex-specific consumption quartiles (BSDS-Q) and medians (BSDS-M), and summed to give the final score values. SETTING: A large representative sample of the Finnish population. SUBJECTS:Men (n 2217) and women (n 2493) aged 25 to 74 years. RESULTS: In the age- and energy-adjusted model, adherence to the diet was associated with a higher intake of carbohydrates (E%), and lower intakes of SFA (E%) and alcohol (E%, where E% is percentage of total energy intake; P < 0·01). Furthermore, the intakes of fibre, Fe, vitamins A, C and D, and folate were higher among participants who adhered to the diet (P < 0·05). After further adjustments, the results remained significant (P < 0·05) and did not differ remarkably between BSDS-Q and BSDS-M. CONCLUSIONS: The BSDS can be used as a measure of a healthy Nordic diet to assess diet-health relationships in public health surveys in Nordic countries.
Authors: Mary C Playdon; Steven C Moore; Andriy Derkach; Jill Reedy; Amy F Subar; Joshua N Sampson; Demetrius Albanes; Fangyi Gu; Jukka Kontto; Camille Lassale; Linda M Liao; Satu Männistö; Alison M Mondul; Stephanie J Weinstein; Melinda L Irwin; Susan T Mayne; Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2016-12-28 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Paraskevi Massara; Andreea Zurbau; Andrea J Glenn; Laura Chiavaroli; Tauseef A Khan; Effie Viguiliouk; Sonia Blanco Mejia; Elena M Comelli; Victoria Chen; Ursula Schwab; Ulf Risérus; Matti Uusitupa; Anne-Marie Aas; Kjeld Hermansen; Inga Thorsdottir; Dario Rahelić; Hana Kahleová; Jordi Salas-Salvadó; Cyril W C Kendall; John L Sievenpiper Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2022-08-26 Impact factor: 10.460