Elina Sillanpää1, Arja Häkkinen, Keijo Häkkinen. 1. Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. elina.sillanpaa@jyu.fi
Abstract
PURPOSE: Few studies have examined responsiveness of bioimpedance (BIA) to detect changes over time in body composition using a longitudinal design. Accuracy of BIA and skinfold thickness in estimating body composition among 39-64 year-old women was investigated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a criterion method both cross-sectionally and during a training intervention. METHODS:97 women had percentage of fat assessed using DXA, skinfolds and eight-polar BIA using multi-frequency current. Fat mass and lean mass were estimated by DXA and BIA. Measurements were performed before and after the 21-week training intervention. RESULTS: At baseline relative to DXA, BIA under predicted percentage of fat (-6.50 %) and fat mass (-3.42 kg) and overestimated lean mass (3.18 kg) considerably. Also skinfold measurement under predicted percentage of fat compared to DXA, but the difference was smaller (-1.69 % units). Skinfold measurement overestimated percentage of fat at low values and underestimated at high values (r (2) = 0.535). A significant bias was detected between DXA and BIA's estimate of change in percentage of fat, fat mass and lean mass. Compared to DXA, BIA and skinfolds underestimated the training-induced positive changes in body composition. CONCLUSIONS: BIA and skinfold methods compared to DXA are not interchangeable to quantify the percentage of fat, fat mass and lean mass at the cross-sectional design in middle-aged women. Moreover, exercise training-induced small changes in body composition cannot be detected with BIA or skinfold method, even though DXA was able to measure statistically significant within-group changes in body composition after training.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: Few studies have examined responsiveness of bioimpedance (BIA) to detect changes over time in body composition using a longitudinal design. Accuracy of BIA and skinfold thickness in estimating body composition among 39-64 year-old women was investigated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a criterion method both cross-sectionally and during a training intervention. METHODS: 97 women had percentage of fat assessed using DXA, skinfolds and eight-polar BIA using multi-frequency current. Fat mass and lean mass were estimated by DXA and BIA. Measurements were performed before and after the 21-week training intervention. RESULTS: At baseline relative to DXA, BIA under predicted percentage of fat (-6.50 %) and fat mass (-3.42 kg) and overestimated lean mass (3.18 kg) considerably. Also skinfold measurement under predicted percentage of fat compared to DXA, but the difference was smaller (-1.69 % units). Skinfold measurement overestimated percentage of fat at low values and underestimated at high values (r (2) = 0.535). A significant bias was detected between DXA and BIA's estimate of change in percentage of fat, fat mass and lean mass. Compared to DXA, BIA and skinfolds underestimated the training-induced positive changes in body composition. CONCLUSIONS:BIA and skinfold methods compared to DXA are not interchangeable to quantify the percentage of fat, fat mass and lean mass at the cross-sectional design in middle-aged women. Moreover, exercise training-induced small changes in body composition cannot be detected with BIA or skinfold method, even though DXA was able to measure statistically significant within-group changes in body composition after training.
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