Expanding targets of DNAzyme-based sensors through deactivation and activation of DNAzymes by single uracil removal: sensitive fluorescent assay of uracil-DNA glycosylase.

Although deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) have been widely used as biosensors for the detection of their cofactors and the targets of related aptazymes, it is desirable to expand their range of analytes to take advantage of the DNAzyme-based signal amplification for more sensitive detections. In this study, the activity of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) was successfully detected and quantified by deoxyuridine-modified DNAzymes that underwent UNG-dependent deactivation or activation. In one design, the indispensable thymidine T2.1 in the 8-17 DNAzyme was replaced with a deoxyuridine, resulting in minimal change of the DNAzyme's activity. Since UNG is capable of removing uracils from single- or double-stranded DNAs, the modified DNAzyme was deactivated when the uracil at the indispensable thymidine site was eliminated by UNG. In another design, introducing a deoxyuridine to the 3' position of the deoxycytidine C13 in the catalytic core of the same DNAzyme caused significant decrease of the activity. The removal of the interfering deoxyuridine by UNG, however, activated the DNAzyme. By monitoring the activity change of the DNAzymes through the fluorescence enhancement from the DNAzyme-catalyzed cleavage of DNA substrates labeled by a fluorophore and quencher pair, the UNG activity was measured based on UNG-dependent deactivation and activation of the DNAzymes. This method was found to be able to detect UNG activity as low as 0.0034 U/mL. Such a method can be applied to the detection of other nucleotide-modifying enzymes and expand the analyte range of DNAzyme-based biosensors.