OBJECTIVES: Otitis media is an infectious, inflammatory process involving the middle ear space. Chronic inflammation is associated with fibrosis, scarring and osteogenesis within the middle ear, which may contribute to subsequent hearing loss and increase the difficulty of treatment. METHODS: Heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae was injected into the middle ears of 8-12 week old Balb/c mice. Control mice were treated with PBS middle ear injections. Middle ears were harvested at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days following injection (n=8 for each time point). The middle ears were processed using standard RT-PCR techniques. Up- and down-regulation of mRNA expression of various members of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) families was quantified and compared to PBS treated controls (n=8 for each time point). RESULTS: Significant upregulation of MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 was observed at varying time points (p<0.05). Significant downregulation of BMP3, BMP4, BMP5 BMP6 and BMP8a was seen at varying time points (p<0.05). Significant downregulation of FGF3, FGF6, FGF10 and FGFr1 was observed at varying time points (p<0.05). No significant expression of BMP8b, BMP9, BMP10, FGF5, FGF8, MMP1a, MMP7 and MMP14 was detected within the middle ear. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation within the middle ear following injection of bacterial products results in changes in the regulation of several tissue remodeling cytokines and proteinases in the mouse model. Further understanding of these molecular processes may allow for the development of treatment modalities aimed at preventing middle ear tissue remodeling.
OBJECTIVES:Otitis media is an infectious, inflammatory process involving the middle ear space. Chronic inflammation is associated with fibrosis, scarring and osteogenesis within the middle ear, which may contribute to subsequent hearing loss and increase the difficulty of treatment. METHODS: Heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae was injected into the middle ears of 8-12 week old Balb/c mice. Control mice were treated with PBS middle ear injections. Middle ears were harvested at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days following injection (n=8 for each time point). The middle ears were processed using standard RT-PCR techniques. Up- and down-regulation of mRNA expression of various members of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) families was quantified and compared to PBS treated controls (n=8 for each time point). RESULTS: Significant upregulation of MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 was observed at varying time points (p<0.05). Significant downregulation of BMP3, BMP4, BMP5BMP6 and BMP8a was seen at varying time points (p<0.05). Significant downregulation of FGF3, FGF6, FGF10 and FGFr1 was observed at varying time points (p<0.05). No significant expression of BMP8b, BMP9, BMP10, FGF5, FGF8, MMP1a, MMP7 and MMP14 was detected within the middle ear. CONCLUSIONS:Inflammation within the middle ear following injection of bacterial products results in changes in the regulation of several tissue remodeling cytokines and proteinases in the mouse model. Further understanding of these molecular processes may allow for the development of treatment modalities aimed at preventing middle ear tissue remodeling.
Authors: Carol J MacArthur; Steven H Hefeneider; J Beth Kempton; Sarah K Parrish; Sharon L McCoy; Dennis R Trune Journal: Hear Res Date: 2006-08-02 Impact factor: 3.208
Authors: A Daluiski; T Engstrand; M E Bahamonde; L W Gamer; E Agius; S L Stevenson; K Cox; V Rosen; K M Lyons Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2001-01 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Sara A Tokarz; Jiaqing Pang; Anna Grosz; J Beth Kempton; Dennis R Trune; De-Ann M Pillers Journal: Acta Otolaryngol Date: 2013-07 Impact factor: 1.494
Authors: Gijs van Ingen; Jin Li; André Goedegebure; Rahul Pandey; Yun Rose Li; Michael E March; Vincent W V Jaddoe; Marina Bakay; Frank D Mentch; Kelly Thomas; Zhi Wei; Xiao Chang; Heather S Hain; André G Uitterlinden; Henriette A Moll; Cornelia M van Duijn; Fernando Rivadeneira; Hein Raat; Robert J Baatenburg de Jong; Patrick M Sleiman; Marc P van der Schroeff; Hakon Hakonarson Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2016-09-28 Impact factor: 14.919