Literature DB >> 21722053

A pilot study exploring the contribution of working memory to "jumping to conclusions" in people with first episode psychosis.

John Ormrod1, Debra Shaftoe, Kate Cavanagh, Mark Freeston, Douglas Turkington, Jason Price, Robert Dudley.   

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: People with delusional beliefs "jump to conclusions" (JTC). This finding is well replicated. However, there is only limited exploration of the factors that might lead a person to JTC. The aim of the present study was to explore the contribution of working memory processes (WM) and IQ to hasty decision making and to investigate the stability of this bias over time.
METHODS: A single group cross-sectional design was utilised. The study was conducted in 2 phases: (1) an initial screening phase and (2) an experimental phase whereby we explored and tested hypotheses regarding the cognitive origins of the JTC bias. In Study 1, participants completed the beads task as well as measures of mood and symptoms. In Study 2, the same participants repeated the beads task, and completed a battery of neuropsychological tests designed to assess different facets of WM and IQ.
RESULTS: In most cases, "jumpers" were indistinguishable from "nonjumpers" in terms of their neuropsychological profiles. The only exception to this pattern was for visual working memory, in which "jumpers" performed better than "nonjumpers". In terms of the temporal stability of the JTC bias, 8 individuals (out of the 29) effectively switched from being "jumpers" at T1 to "nonjumpers" at T2.
CONCLUSIONS: This study casts doubt on reduced global WM as an explanation of JTC. Rather it may be that the differences in reasoning are related to the manipulation of visual material and do not extend to other areas of neuropsychological functioning. However, as our sample is small it may be underpowered to detect important differences. Future work is therefore needed to replicate these findings.

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Year:  2011        PMID: 21722053     DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2011.569372

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Cogn Neuropsychiatry        ISSN: 1354-6805            Impact factor:   1.871


  11 in total

1.  Unstable Belief Formation and Slowed Decision-making: Evidence That the Jumping-to-Conclusions Bias in Schizophrenia Is Not Linked to Impulsive Decision-making.

Authors:  Wolfgang Strube; Camelia Lucia Cimpianu; Miriam Ulbrich; Ömer Faruk Öztürk; Thomas Schneider-Axmann; Peter Falkai; Louise Marshall; Sven Bestmann; Alkomiet Hasan
Journal:  Schizophr Bull       Date:  2022-03-01       Impact factor: 7.348

2.  Data Gathering Bias: Trait Vulnerability to Psychotic Symptoms?

Authors:  Ana Catalan; Claudia J P Simons; Sonia Bustamante; Nora Olazabal; Eduardo Ruiz; Maider Gonzalez de Artaza; Alberto Penas; Claudio Maruottolo; Claudio Maurottolo; Andrea González; Jim van Os; Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Torres
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2015-07-06       Impact factor: 3.240

Review 3.  Jumping to conclusions in schizophrenia.

Authors:  Simon L Evans; Bruno B Averbeck; Nicholas Furl
Journal:  Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat       Date:  2015-07-01       Impact factor: 2.570

4.  Neuropsychological functioning and jumping to conclusions in delusions.

Authors:  Philippa Garety; Eileen Joyce; Suzanne Jolley; Richard Emsley; Helen Waller; Elizabeth Kuipers; Paul Bebbington; David Fowler; Graham Dunn; Daniel Freeman
Journal:  Schizophr Res       Date:  2013-09-25       Impact factor: 4.939

5.  Effects of methamphetamine administration on information gathering during probabilistic reasoning in healthy humans.

Authors:  Anna O Ermakova; Pranathi Ramachandra; Philip R Corlett; Paul C Fletcher; Graham K Murray
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2014-07-25       Impact factor: 3.240

6.  Jumping to the wrong conclusions? An investigation of the mechanisms of reasoning errors in delusions.

Authors:  Suzanne Jolley; Claire Thompson; James Hurley; Evelina Medin; Lucy Butler; Paul Bebbington; Graham Dunn; Daniel Freeman; David Fowler; Elizabeth Kuipers; Philippa Garety
Journal:  Psychiatry Res       Date:  2014-06-04       Impact factor: 3.222

7.  Think twice: Impulsivity and decision making in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Authors:  Giacomo Grassi; Stefano Pallanti; Lorenzo Righi; Martijn Figee; Mariska Mantione; Damiaan Denys; Daniele Piccagliani; Alessandro Rossi; Paolo Stratta
Journal:  J Behav Addict       Date:  2015-12       Impact factor: 6.756

8.  White Matter Integrity in Genetic High-Risk Individuals and First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients: Similarities and Disassociations.

Authors:  Yifang Zhou; Jie Liu; Naomi Driesen; Fay Womer; Kaiyuan Chen; Ye Wang; Xiaowei Jiang; Qian Zhou; Chuan Bai; Dahai Wang; Yanqing Tang; Fei Wang
Journal:  Biomed Res Int       Date:  2017-03-19       Impact factor: 3.411

9.  Jumping to conclusions, general intelligence, and psychosis liability: findings from the multi-centre EU-GEI case-control study.

Authors:  Giada Tripoli; Diego Quattrone; Laura Ferraro; Charlotte Gayer-Anderson; Victoria Rodriguez; Caterina La Cascia; Daniele La Barbera; Crocettarachele Sartorio; Fabio Seminerio; Ilaria Tarricone; Domenico Berardi; Andrei Szöke; Celso Arango; Andrea Tortelli; Pierre-Michel Llorca; Lieuwe de Haan; Eva Velthorst; Julio Bobes; Miguel Bernardo; Julio Sanjuán; Jose Luis Santos; Manuel Arrojo; Cristina Marta Del-Ben; Paulo Rossi Menezes; Jean-Paul Selten; Peter B Jones; Hannah E Jongsma; James B Kirkbride; Antonio Lasalvia; Sarah Tosato; Alex Richards; Michael O'Donovan; Bart Pf Rutten; Jim van Os; Craig Morgan; Pak C Sham; Robin M Murray; Graham K Murray; Marta Di Forti
Journal:  Psychol Med       Date:  2020-04-24       Impact factor: 7.723

10.  Jumping to conclusions, neuropsychological functioning, and delusional beliefs in first episode psychosis.

Authors:  M Aurora Falcone; Robin M Murray; Benjamin D R Wiffen; Jennifer A O'Connor; Manuela Russo; Anna Kolliakou; Simona Stilo; Heather Taylor; Poonam Gardner-Sood; Alessandra Paparelli; Fatima Jichi; Marta Di Forti; Anthony S David; Daniel Freeman; Suzanne Jolley
Journal:  Schizophr Bull       Date:  2014-07-22       Impact factor: 9.306

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