| Literature DB >> 21583132 |
Michal Rouchal, Marek Nečas, Robert Vícha.
Abstract
In the title compound, C(26)H(30)ClN(5)O·CHCl(3), the purine mol-ecule consists of essentially planar benzene and purine ring systems [maximum deviation 0.010 (4) Å for both ring systems] forming a dihedral angle of 85.52 (9)°. Inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link adjacent mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers. The structure also contains inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N inter-actions. The benzene rings form offset face-to-face π-π stacking inter-actions with an inter-planar distance of 3.541 (4) Å and a centroid-to-centroid distance of 4.022 (4) Å.Entities:
Year: 2009 PMID: 21583132 PMCID: PMC2969555 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809016596
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online ISSN: 1600-5368
| C26H30ClN5O·CHCl3 | |
| Melting point: 191 K | |
| Orthorhombic, | Mo |
| Hall symbol: -P 2ac 2ab | Cell parameters from 4984 reflections |
| θ = 2.6–25.0° | |
| µ = 0.45 mm−1 | |
| Block, colourless | |
| 0.45 × 0.40 × 0.20 mm | |
| Kuma KM4 CCD diffractometer | 4984 independent reflections |
| Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2981 reflections with |
| graphite | |
| Detector resolution: 0.06 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.6° |
| ω scans | |
| Absorption correction: multi-scan ( | |
| 32219 measured reflections |
| Refinement on | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
| Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
| Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites | |
| H-atom parameters constrained | |
| 4984 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
| 334 parameters | Δρmax = 0.71 e Å−3 |
| 0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.54 e Å−3 |
| Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
| Refinement. Refinement of |
| Cl1 | 0.15090 (5) | 0.68048 (7) | 0.25476 (4) | 0.0305 (3) | |
| O1 | 0.13811 (13) | 1.1399 (2) | 0.50691 (13) | 0.0320 (7) | |
| N1 | 0.00385 (14) | 0.6307 (2) | 0.43338 (14) | 0.0230 (7) | |
| H1A | −0.0135 | 0.5931 | 0.4625 | 0.028* | |
| N2 | 0.07497 (15) | 0.6451 (2) | 0.34920 (14) | 0.0226 (7) | |
| N3 | 0.15847 (14) | 0.5170 (2) | 0.32042 (13) | 0.0217 (7) | |
| N4 | 0.15553 (15) | 0.3704 (2) | 0.38744 (13) | 0.0233 (7) | |
| N5 | 0.07206 (15) | 0.4204 (2) | 0.45195 (14) | 0.0256 (7) | |
| C1 | 0.21373 (18) | 1.0428 (3) | 0.56796 (17) | 0.0254 (9) | |
| C2 | 0.2555 (2) | 1.1416 (3) | 0.56949 (19) | 0.0307 (9) | |
| H2B | 0.2251 | 1.1982 | 0.5819 | 0.037* | |
| H2C | 0.2729 | 1.1566 | 0.5284 | 0.037* | |
| C3 | 0.3165 (2) | 1.1347 (3) | 0.61349 (18) | 0.0322 (10) | |
| H3B | 0.3428 | 1.2000 | 0.6132 | 0.039* | |
| C4 | 0.2899 (2) | 1.1132 (3) | 0.67731 (19) | 0.0355 (10) | |
| H4A | 0.2600 | 1.1696 | 0.6908 | 0.043* | |
| H4B | 0.3292 | 1.1080 | 0.7056 | 0.043* | |
| C5 | 0.2487 (2) | 1.0128 (3) | 0.67746 (18) | 0.0322 (10) | |
| H5B | 0.2315 | 0.9988 | 0.7192 | 0.039* | |
| C6 | 0.2956 (2) | 0.9260 (3) | 0.65710 (19) | 0.0361 (10) | |
| H6A | 0.2695 | 0.8615 | 0.6572 | 0.043* | |
| H6B | 0.3346 | 0.9192 | 0.6856 | 0.043* | |
| C7 | 0.3232 (2) | 0.9470 (3) | 0.59318 (18) | 0.0299 (9) | |
| H7A | 0.3539 | 0.8901 | 0.5805 | 0.036* | |
| C8 | 0.26304 (19) | 0.9563 (3) | 0.54841 (17) | 0.0270 (9) | |
| H8A | 0.2375 | 0.8914 | 0.5469 | 0.032* | |
| H8B | 0.2811 | 0.9705 | 0.5075 | 0.032* | |
| C9 | 0.18688 (19) | 1.0227 (3) | 0.63391 (17) | 0.0282 (9) | |
| H9A | 0.1570 | 1.0794 | 0.6469 | 0.034* | |
| H9B | 0.1593 | 0.9596 | 0.6347 | 0.034* | |
| C10 | 0.3642 (2) | 1.0465 (3) | 0.59343 (19) | 0.0340 (10) | |
| H10A | 0.3824 | 1.0603 | 0.5525 | 0.041* | |
| H10B | 0.4036 | 1.0408 | 0.6216 | 0.041* | |
| C11 | 0.15273 (18) | 1.0551 (3) | 0.52472 (17) | 0.0239 (9) | |
| C12 | 0.10965 (18) | 0.9675 (3) | 0.50235 (17) | 0.0243 (9) | |
| C13 | 0.07214 (18) | 0.9841 (3) | 0.44859 (17) | 0.0271 (9) | |
| H13A | 0.0749 | 1.0479 | 0.4288 | 0.033* | |
| C14 | 0.03137 (19) | 0.9082 (3) | 0.42450 (18) | 0.0300 (9) | |
| H14A | 0.0066 | 0.9209 | 0.3883 | 0.036* | |
| C15 | 0.02571 (18) | 0.8139 (3) | 0.45191 (17) | 0.0241 (8) | |
| C16 | 0.06142 (19) | 0.7977 (3) | 0.50545 (18) | 0.0282 (9) | |
| H16A | 0.0571 | 0.7345 | 0.5256 | 0.034* | |
| C17 | 0.10368 (19) | 0.8731 (3) | 0.53013 (18) | 0.0266 (9) | |
| H17A | 0.1285 | 0.8598 | 0.5662 | 0.032* | |
| C18 | −0.02097 (19) | 0.7331 (3) | 0.42573 (17) | 0.0248 (9) | |
| H18A | −0.0668 | 0.7388 | 0.4450 | 0.030* | |
| H18B | −0.0270 | 0.7465 | 0.3821 | 0.030* | |
| C19 | 0.05284 (17) | 0.5906 (3) | 0.39739 (16) | 0.0206 (8) | |
| C20 | 0.12500 (18) | 0.6035 (3) | 0.31567 (16) | 0.0242 (9) | |
| C21 | 0.13385 (17) | 0.4650 (3) | 0.36843 (16) | 0.0213 (8) | |
| C22 | 0.08232 (17) | 0.4945 (3) | 0.40833 (16) | 0.0203 (8) | |
| C23 | 0.11642 (19) | 0.3486 (3) | 0.43759 (17) | 0.0251 (9) | |
| H23A | 0.1209 | 0.2874 | 0.4599 | 0.030* | |
| C24 | 0.21277 (18) | 0.3110 (3) | 0.35970 (18) | 0.0279 (9) | |
| H24A | 0.2129 | 0.3250 | 0.3153 | 0.033* | |
| C25 | 0.2812 (2) | 0.3476 (4) | 0.3856 (2) | 0.0502 (13) | |
| H25A | 0.2864 | 0.4203 | 0.3779 | 0.075* | |
| H25B | 0.3191 | 0.3106 | 0.3664 | 0.075* | |
| H25C | 0.2821 | 0.3352 | 0.4292 | 0.075* | |
| C26 | 0.2007 (2) | 0.1985 (3) | 0.3687 (2) | 0.0460 (12) | |
| H26A | 0.1564 | 0.1796 | 0.3508 | 0.069* | |
| H26B | 0.2001 | 0.1831 | 0.4120 | 0.069* | |
| H26C | 0.2377 | 0.1602 | 0.3491 | 0.069* | |
| C27 | 0.5087 (2) | 1.1979 (4) | 0.7415 (2) | 0.0520 (14) | |
| H27A | 0.4751 | 1.2334 | 0.7683 | 0.062* | |
| Cl11 | 0.49438 (8) | 1.06661 (13) | 0.74624 (7) | 0.0720 (5) | |
| Cl12 | 0.49582 (6) | 1.23926 (13) | 0.66603 (5) | 0.0630 (4) | |
| Cl13 | 0.59279 (6) | 1.22798 (13) | 0.76534 (6) | 0.0635 (5) |
| Cl1 | 0.0316 (5) | 0.0309 (6) | 0.0291 (5) | 0.0028 (4) | 0.0083 (4) | 0.0085 (4) |
| O1 | 0.0316 (15) | 0.0228 (15) | 0.0416 (18) | 0.0013 (12) | −0.0007 (12) | 0.0059 (13) |
| N1 | 0.0249 (16) | 0.0199 (17) | 0.0242 (17) | −0.0002 (13) | 0.0038 (13) | 0.0003 (14) |
| N2 | 0.0203 (15) | 0.0249 (17) | 0.0224 (17) | 0.0011 (13) | 0.0007 (13) | 0.0029 (14) |
| N3 | 0.0206 (15) | 0.0228 (17) | 0.0216 (17) | 0.0001 (13) | 0.0018 (13) | −0.0025 (14) |
| N4 | 0.0219 (16) | 0.0286 (19) | 0.0194 (17) | 0.0041 (13) | 0.0006 (13) | −0.0001 (14) |
| N5 | 0.0247 (16) | 0.0278 (19) | 0.0243 (18) | 0.0027 (14) | −0.0008 (14) | −0.0014 (15) |
| C1 | 0.025 (2) | 0.025 (2) | 0.026 (2) | 0.0004 (16) | 0.0031 (16) | −0.0034 (17) |
| C2 | 0.033 (2) | 0.026 (2) | 0.033 (2) | −0.0035 (18) | 0.0026 (18) | 0.0040 (18) |
| C3 | 0.032 (2) | 0.029 (2) | 0.035 (2) | −0.0052 (18) | −0.0028 (18) | −0.0020 (19) |
| C4 | 0.040 (2) | 0.035 (3) | 0.031 (2) | −0.0030 (19) | 0.0001 (19) | −0.0044 (19) |
| C5 | 0.038 (2) | 0.031 (2) | 0.027 (2) | −0.0051 (19) | 0.0010 (18) | −0.0044 (19) |
| C6 | 0.041 (2) | 0.032 (2) | 0.035 (3) | −0.0031 (19) | −0.0089 (19) | 0.000 (2) |
| C7 | 0.026 (2) | 0.030 (2) | 0.034 (2) | 0.0021 (17) | 0.0001 (17) | −0.0043 (18) |
| C8 | 0.027 (2) | 0.027 (2) | 0.027 (2) | 0.0045 (17) | 0.0045 (16) | −0.0048 (17) |
| C9 | 0.029 (2) | 0.027 (2) | 0.029 (2) | −0.0016 (17) | 0.0082 (17) | −0.0007 (18) |
| C10 | 0.025 (2) | 0.043 (3) | 0.034 (2) | −0.0083 (19) | 0.0008 (18) | −0.003 (2) |
| C11 | 0.0235 (19) | 0.021 (2) | 0.028 (2) | 0.0037 (16) | 0.0087 (16) | 0.0004 (17) |
| C12 | 0.0178 (18) | 0.021 (2) | 0.034 (2) | 0.0045 (15) | 0.0049 (16) | −0.0014 (18) |
| C13 | 0.0251 (19) | 0.026 (2) | 0.030 (2) | 0.0045 (17) | 0.0018 (17) | 0.0063 (18) |
| C14 | 0.025 (2) | 0.037 (3) | 0.029 (2) | 0.0029 (18) | −0.0020 (17) | 0.0032 (19) |
| C15 | 0.0221 (19) | 0.025 (2) | 0.025 (2) | 0.0013 (16) | 0.0078 (15) | −0.0009 (17) |
| C16 | 0.029 (2) | 0.029 (2) | 0.027 (2) | −0.0014 (17) | 0.0030 (17) | 0.0037 (18) |
| C17 | 0.029 (2) | 0.022 (2) | 0.029 (2) | −0.0009 (16) | −0.0039 (17) | 0.0028 (17) |
| C18 | 0.0267 (19) | 0.025 (2) | 0.023 (2) | 0.0044 (16) | 0.0016 (16) | 0.0000 (17) |
| C19 | 0.0153 (17) | 0.021 (2) | 0.025 (2) | −0.0035 (15) | −0.0049 (15) | −0.0059 (17) |
| C20 | 0.0238 (19) | 0.028 (2) | 0.021 (2) | 0.0000 (16) | 0.0008 (16) | 0.0018 (17) |
| C21 | 0.0197 (18) | 0.025 (2) | 0.020 (2) | −0.0020 (15) | −0.0032 (15) | −0.0002 (17) |
| C22 | 0.0219 (18) | 0.021 (2) | 0.0178 (19) | −0.0035 (15) | −0.0017 (14) | −0.0018 (16) |
| C23 | 0.030 (2) | 0.026 (2) | 0.020 (2) | 0.0019 (16) | 0.0021 (16) | 0.0025 (17) |
| C24 | 0.0207 (19) | 0.037 (2) | 0.026 (2) | 0.0063 (17) | 0.0015 (16) | −0.0011 (18) |
| C25 | 0.028 (2) | 0.070 (4) | 0.053 (3) | 0.012 (2) | −0.006 (2) | −0.027 (3) |
| C26 | 0.048 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.054 (3) | 0.011 (2) | 0.023 (2) | 0.007 (2) |
| C27 | 0.035 (2) | 0.087 (4) | 0.034 (3) | 0.009 (3) | −0.003 (2) | −0.013 (3) |
| Cl11 | 0.0769 (10) | 0.0811 (11) | 0.0581 (9) | 0.0080 (8) | 0.0082 (7) | −0.0164 (8) |
| Cl12 | 0.0379 (7) | 0.1163 (13) | 0.0348 (7) | 0.0103 (7) | −0.0040 (5) | −0.0052 (7) |
| Cl13 | 0.0324 (6) | 0.1206 (13) | 0.0377 (7) | 0.0056 (7) | −0.0026 (5) | −0.0095 (7) |
| Cl1—C20 | 1.762 (4) | C8—H8A | 0.990 |
| O1—C11 | 1.219 (4) | C8—H8B | 0.990 |
| N1—C19 | 1.349 (5) | C9—H9A | 0.990 |
| N1—C18 | 1.445 (5) | C9—H9B | 0.990 |
| N1—H1A | 0.880 | C10—H10A | 0.990 |
| N2—C20 | 1.341 (5) | C10—H10B | 0.990 |
| N2—C19 | 1.357 (5) | C11—C12 | 1.511 (5) |
| N3—C20 | 1.316 (5) | C12—C17 | 1.392 (5) |
| N3—C21 | 1.353 (5) | C12—C13 | 1.413 (5) |
| N4—C23 | 1.376 (5) | C13—C14 | 1.384 (5) |
| N4—C21 | 1.383 (5) | C13—H13A | 0.950 |
| N4—C24 | 1.493 (5) | C14—C15 | 1.388 (5) |
| N5—C23 | 1.320 (5) | C14—H14A | 0.950 |
| N5—C22 | 1.388 (5) | C15—C16 | 1.390 (5) |
| C1—C11 | 1.532 (5) | C15—C18 | 1.515 (5) |
| C1—C2 | 1.535 (5) | C16—C17 | 1.401 (5) |
| C1—C8 | 1.552 (5) | C16—H16A | 0.950 |
| C1—C9 | 1.574 (5) | C17—H17A | 0.950 |
| C2—C3 | 1.538 (6) | C18—H18A | 0.990 |
| C2—H2B | 0.990 | C18—H18B | 0.990 |
| C2—H2C | 0.990 | C19—C22 | 1.411 (5) |
| C3—C4 | 1.531 (6) | C21—C22 | 1.391 (5) |
| C3—C10 | 1.551 (6) | C23—H23A | 0.950 |
| C3—H3B | 1.000 | C24—C26 | 1.515 (6) |
| C4—C5 | 1.548 (6) | C24—C25 | 1.526 (6) |
| C4—H4A | 0.990 | C24—H24A | 1.000 |
| C4—H4B | 0.990 | C25—H25A | 0.980 |
| C5—C6 | 1.531 (6) | C25—H25B | 0.980 |
| C5—C9 | 1.546 (6) | C25—H25C | 0.980 |
| C5—H5B | 1.000 | C26—H26A | 0.980 |
| C6—C7 | 1.539 (6) | C26—H26B | 0.980 |
| C6—H6A | 0.990 | C26—H26C | 0.980 |
| C6—H6B | 0.990 | C27—Cl11 | 1.756 (6) |
| C7—C10 | 1.535 (6) | C27—Cl13 | 1.763 (5) |
| C7—C8 | 1.537 (5) | C27—Cl12 | 1.775 (5) |
| C7—H7A | 1.000 | C27—H27A | 1.000 |
| C19—N1—C18 | 122.2 (3) | H10A—C10—H10B | 108.2 |
| C19—N1—H1A | 118.9 | O1—C11—C12 | 117.8 (3) |
| C18—N1—H1A | 118.9 | O1—C11—C1 | 118.7 (3) |
| C20—N2—C19 | 116.7 (3) | C12—C11—C1 | 123.5 (3) |
| C20—N3—C21 | 109.1 (3) | C17—C12—C13 | 117.9 (3) |
| C23—N4—C21 | 105.4 (3) | C17—C12—C11 | 125.8 (3) |
| C23—N4—C24 | 129.4 (3) | C13—C12—C11 | 116.3 (3) |
| C21—N4—C24 | 125.1 (3) | C14—C13—C12 | 120.5 (4) |
| C23—N5—C22 | 104.1 (3) | C14—C13—H13A | 119.7 |
| C11—C1—C2 | 109.4 (3) | C12—C13—H13A | 119.7 |
| C11—C1—C8 | 112.4 (3) | C13—C14—C15 | 121.7 (4) |
| C2—C1—C8 | 107.7 (3) | C13—C14—H14A | 119.2 |
| C11—C1—C9 | 110.0 (3) | C15—C14—H14A | 119.2 |
| C2—C1—C9 | 107.3 (3) | C14—C15—C16 | 118.1 (4) |
| C8—C1—C9 | 109.9 (3) | C14—C15—C18 | 120.7 (3) |
| C1—C2—C3 | 111.8 (3) | C16—C15—C18 | 121.2 (3) |
| C1—C2—H2B | 109.3 | C15—C16—C17 | 121.1 (4) |
| C3—C2—H2B | 109.3 | C15—C16—H16A | 119.4 |
| C1—C2—H2C | 109.3 | C17—C16—H16A | 119.4 |
| C3—C2—H2C | 109.3 | C12—C17—C16 | 120.7 (4) |
| H2B—C2—H2C | 107.9 | C12—C17—H17A | 119.7 |
| C4—C3—C2 | 109.6 (3) | C16—C17—H17A | 119.7 |
| C4—C3—C10 | 109.1 (3) | N1—C18—C15 | 114.4 (3) |
| C2—C3—C10 | 108.9 (3) | N1—C18—H18A | 108.7 |
| C4—C3—H3B | 109.8 | C15—C18—H18A | 108.7 |
| C2—C3—H3B | 109.8 | N1—C18—H18B | 108.7 |
| C10—C3—H3B | 109.8 | C15—C18—H18B | 108.7 |
| C3—C4—C5 | 109.6 (3) | H18A—C18—H18B | 107.6 |
| C3—C4—H4A | 109.8 | N1—C19—N2 | 118.8 (3) |
| C5—C4—H4A | 109.8 | N1—C19—C22 | 122.5 (3) |
| C3—C4—H4B | 109.8 | N2—C19—C22 | 118.8 (3) |
| C5—C4—H4B | 109.8 | N3—C20—N2 | 131.9 (3) |
| H4A—C4—H4B | 108.2 | N3—C20—Cl1 | 114.8 (3) |
| C6—C5—C9 | 110.0 (3) | N2—C20—Cl1 | 113.3 (3) |
| C6—C5—C4 | 109.3 (3) | N3—C21—N4 | 126.1 (3) |
| C9—C5—C4 | 109.2 (3) | N3—C21—C22 | 127.8 (3) |
| C6—C5—H5B | 109.4 | N4—C21—C22 | 106.1 (3) |
| C9—C5—H5B | 109.4 | N5—C22—C21 | 110.4 (3) |
| C4—C5—H5B | 109.4 | N5—C22—C19 | 133.8 (3) |
| C5—C6—C7 | 110.1 (3) | C21—C22—C19 | 115.7 (3) |
| C5—C6—H6A | 109.6 | N5—C23—N4 | 113.9 (3) |
| C7—C6—H6A | 109.6 | N5—C23—H23A | 123.0 |
| C5—C6—H6B | 109.6 | N4—C23—H23A | 123.0 |
| C7—C6—H6B | 109.6 | N4—C24—C26 | 110.1 (3) |
| H6A—C6—H6B | 108.2 | N4—C24—C25 | 109.2 (3) |
| C10—C7—C8 | 109.2 (3) | C26—C24—C25 | 113.3 (4) |
| C10—C7—C6 | 109.4 (3) | N4—C24—H24A | 108.0 |
| C8—C7—C6 | 110.0 (3) | C26—C24—H24A | 108.0 |
| C10—C7—H7A | 109.4 | C25—C24—H24A | 108.0 |
| C8—C7—H7A | 109.4 | C24—C25—H25A | 109.5 |
| C6—C7—H7A | 109.4 | C24—C25—H25B | 109.5 |
| C7—C8—C1 | 110.4 (3) | H25A—C25—H25B | 109.5 |
| C7—C8—H8A | 109.6 | C24—C25—H25C | 109.5 |
| C1—C8—H8A | 109.6 | H25A—C25—H25C | 109.5 |
| C7—C8—H8B | 109.6 | H25B—C25—H25C | 109.5 |
| C1—C8—H8B | 109.6 | C24—C26—H26A | 109.5 |
| H8A—C8—H8B | 108.1 | C24—C26—H26B | 109.5 |
| C5—C9—C1 | 109.6 (3) | H26A—C26—H26B | 109.5 |
| C5—C9—H9A | 109.7 | C24—C26—H26C | 109.5 |
| C1—C9—H9A | 109.7 | H26A—C26—H26C | 109.5 |
| C5—C9—H9B | 109.7 | H26B—C26—H26C | 109.5 |
| C1—C9—H9B | 109.7 | Cl11—C27—Cl13 | 110.5 (3) |
| H9A—C9—H9B | 108.2 | Cl11—C27—Cl12 | 109.7 (3) |
| C7—C10—C3 | 109.4 (3) | Cl13—C27—Cl12 | 110.1 (3) |
| C7—C10—H10A | 109.8 | Cl11—C27—H27A | 108.8 |
| C3—C10—H10A | 109.8 | Cl13—C27—H27A | 108.8 |
| C7—C10—H10B | 109.8 | Cl12—C27—H27A | 108.8 |
| C3—C10—H10B | 109.8 |
| H··· | ||||
| N1—H1A···N5i | 0.88 | 2.22 | 3.013 (5) | 150 |
| C27—H27A···N2ii | 1.00 | 2.59 | 3.553 (6) | 161 |
| C5—H5B···N3iii | 1.00 | 2.66 | 3.641 (5) | 166 |
| C23—H23A···O1iv | 0.95 | 2.23 | 3.179 (5) | 175 |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)
| H⋯ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N1—H1 | 0.88 | 2.22 | 3.013 (5) | 150 |
| C27—H27 | 1.00 | 2.59 | 3.553 (6) | 161 |
| C5—H5 | 1.00 | 2.66 | 3.641 (5) | 166 |
| C23—H23 | 0.95 | 2.23 | 3.179 (5) | 175 |
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .