Tips and traps analyzing pediatric PK data.

Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling has elucidated aspects of developmental pharmacology of value to the anesthetic community. The increasing sophistication of modeling techniques is associated with pitfalls that may not be readily apparent to readers or investigators. While size and age are considered primary covariates for PK models, the impact of birth on clearance maturation is poorly documented, dose in obese children is poorly investigated, pharmacologic implications of physiologic changes poorly portrayed, disease progression on drug response poorly depicted and the impact of metabolites on effect poorly illustrated. This review identifies some of these pitfalls and suggests ideas to circumvent or investigate these hazards.