Expression and regulation of glucoamylase from the yeast Schwanniomyces castellii.

Expression of the 146-kilodalton (kDa) extracellular glucoamylase by the budding yeast Schwanniomyces castellii is induced by maltose and starch. By use of antiglucoamylase antisera, we found that this expression was regulated at the level of the mRNA, taking place within 30 min after exposure of yeast cells to the respective sugars. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the in vitro-translated products of total RNA from maltose-treated cells established that the glucoamylase precursor was approximately 120 kDa in size. Stable glucoamylase transcript was not produced in cells exposed to glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, and heat shock. Cells exposed to these two sugars also degraded intracellular and extracellular glucoamylase. In the presence of sugars such as cellobiose, galactose, lactose, and xylose or in the absence of any carbohydrate, a low-level, constitutive-like expression of this preglucoamylase occurred. The nascent glucoamylase underwent at least two posttranslational modifications, resulting in a 138-kDa cell-associated form and the 146-kDa active form that was found free in the medium. These results suggest that glucoamylase expression is tightly regulated similarly to expression of the enzymes responsible for maltose metabolism in Saccharomyces yeasts.