OBJECTIVE: To familiarize the reader with the fundamental concepts of partial parallel imaging (PPI); to review the technical aspects of PPI including calibration scan, coil geometry, and field of view (FOV); and to illustrate artifacts related to parallel imaging and describe solutions to minimize their negative impact. RESULTS: PPI has led to a significant advance in body magnetic resonance imaging by reducing the time required to generate an image without loss of spatial resolution. Although PPI can improve image quality, it is not free of artifacts, which can result in significant image degradation. Knowledge of these artifacts and how to minimize their effect is important to optimize the use of parallel imaging for specific body magnetic resonance imaging applications. CONCLUSIONS: The reader will be introduced to the fundamental principles of PPI. Common imaging characteristics of PPI artifacts will be displayed with an emphasis on those seen with image-based methods, the principles behind their generation presented, and measures to minimize their negative impact will be proposed.
OBJECTIVE: To familiarize the reader with the fundamental concepts of partial parallel imaging (PPI); to review the technical aspects of PPI including calibration scan, coil geometry, and field of view (FOV); and to illustrate artifacts related to parallel imaging and describe solutions to minimize their negative impact. RESULTS: PPI has led to a significant advance in body magnetic resonance imaging by reducing the time required to generate an image without loss of spatial resolution. Although PPI can improve image quality, it is not free of artifacts, which can result in significant image degradation. Knowledge of these artifacts and how to minimize their effect is important to optimize the use of parallel imaging for specific body magnetic resonance imaging applications. CONCLUSIONS: The reader will be introduced to the fundamental principles of PPI. Common imaging characteristics of PPI artifacts will be displayed with an emphasis on those seen with image-based methods, the principles behind their generation presented, and measures to minimize their negative impact will be proposed.
Authors: Charles A McKenzie; Daniel Lim; Bernard J Ransil; Martina Morrin; Ivan Pedrosa; Ernest N Yeh; Daniel K Sodickson; Neil M Rofsky Journal: Radiology Date: 2003-12-29 Impact factor: 11.105
Authors: Mark A Griswold; Peter M Jakob; Robin M Heidemann; Mathias Nittka; Vladimir Jellus; Jianmin Wang; Berthold Kiefer; Axel Haase Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2002-06 Impact factor: 4.668
Authors: Johan S van den Brink; Yuji Watanabe; Christiane K Kuhl; Taylor Chung; Raja Muthupillai; Marc Van Cauteren; Kei Yamada; Steven Dymarkowski; Jan Bogaert; Jeff H Maki; Celso Matos; Jan W Casselman; Romhild M Hoogeveen Journal: Eur J Radiol Date: 2003-04 Impact factor: 3.528
Authors: Mark A Griswold; Stephan Kannengiesser; Robin M Heidemann; Jianmin Wang; Peter M Jakob Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2004-11 Impact factor: 4.668
Authors: Andrea Lazik; Jens M Theysohn; Christina Geis; Sören Johst; Mark E Ladd; Harald H Quick; Oliver Kraff Journal: Eur Radiol Date: 2015-08-28 Impact factor: 5.315
Authors: Eric K Gibbons; Patrick Le Roux; Shreyas S Vasanawala; John M Pauly; Adam B Kerr Journal: IEEE Trans Med Imaging Date: 2017-08-17 Impact factor: 10.048