RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) is a new x-ray imaging modality that differs from conventional radiography in its use of three physical mechanisms to generate contrast. DEI is able to generate contrast from x-ray absorption, refraction, and ultra-small-angle scatter rejection (extinction) to produce high-contrast images with a much lower radiation dose compared to conventional radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prototype DEI system was constructed using a 1-kW tungsten x-ray tube and a single silicon monochromator and analyzer crystal. The monochromator crystal was aligned to reflect the combined Kalpha1 (59.32 keV) and Kalpha2 (57.98 keV) characteristic emission lines of tungsten using a tube voltage of 160 kV. System performance and demonstration of contrast were evaluated using a nylon monofilament refraction phantom, full-thickness breast specimens, a human thumb, and a live mouse. RESULTS: Images acquired using this system successfully demonstrated all three DEI contrast mechanisms. Flux measurements acquired using this 1-kW prototype system demonstrated that this design can be scaled to use a more powerful 60-kW x-ray tube to generate similar images with an image time of approximately 30 seconds. This single-crystal pair design can be further modified to allow for an array of crystals to reduce clinical image times to <3 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: This paper describes the design, construction, and performance of a new DEI system using a commercially available tungsten anode x-ray tube and includes the first high-quality low-dose diffraction-enhanced images of full-thickness human tissue specimens.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) is a new x-ray imaging modality that differs from conventional radiography in its use of three physical mechanisms to generate contrast. DEI is able to generate contrast from x-ray absorption, refraction, and ultra-small-angle scatter rejection (extinction) to produce high-contrast images with a much lower radiation dose compared to conventional radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prototype DEI system was constructed using a 1-kW tungsten x-ray tube and a single silicon monochromator and analyzer crystal. The monochromator crystal was aligned to reflect the combined Kalpha1 (59.32 keV) and Kalpha2 (57.98 keV) characteristic emission lines of tungsten using a tube voltage of 160 kV. System performance and demonstration of contrast were evaluated using a nylon monofilament refraction phantom, full-thickness breast specimens, a human thumb, and a live mouse. RESULTS: Images acquired using this system successfully demonstrated all three DEI contrast mechanisms. Flux measurements acquired using this 1-kW prototype system demonstrated that this design can be scaled to use a more powerful 60-kW x-ray tube to generate similar images with an image time of approximately 30 seconds. This single-crystal pair design can be further modified to allow for an array of crystals to reduce clinical image times to <3 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: This paper describes the design, construction, and performance of a new DEI system using a commercially available tungsten anode x-ray tube and includes the first high-quality low-dose diffraction-enhanced images of full-thickness human tissue specimens.
Authors: Glendon W Rhoades; George S Belev; L Dean Chapman; Sheldon P Wiebe; David M Cooper; Adelaine Tf Wong; Alan M Rosenberg Journal: Comp Med Date: 2015-08 Impact factor: 0.982
Authors: Sebastian Kaeppler; Jens Rieger; Georg Pelzer; Florian Horn; Thilo Michel; Andreas Maier; Gisela Anton; Christian Riess Journal: J Med Imaging (Bellingham) Date: 2017-09-05
Authors: Simone Schleede; Felix G Meinel; Martin Bech; Julia Herzen; Klaus Achterhold; Guillaume Potdevin; Andreas Malecki; Silvia Adam-Neumair; Sven F Thieme; Fabian Bamberg; Konstantin Nikolaou; Alexander Bohla; Ali Ö Yildirim; Roderick Loewen; Martin Gifford; Ronald Ruth; Oliver Eickelberg; Maximilian Reiser; Franz Pfeiffer Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2012-10-16 Impact factor: 11.205