Two types of inhibitory influences target different groups of taste-responsive cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract of the rat.

Electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani nerve (CT; innervating taste buds on the rostral tongue) is known to initiate recurrent inhibition in cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS, the first central relay in the gustatory system). Here, we explored the relationship between inhibitory circuits and the breadth of tuning of taste-responsive NTS neurons. Initially, NTS cells with evoked responses to electrical stimulation of the CT (0.1 ms pulses; 1 Hz) were tested with each of four tastants (0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M HCl, 0.01 M quinine and 0.5 M sucrose) in separate trials. Next, the CT was electrically stimulated using a paired-pulse (10-2000 ms interpulse interval; blocks of 100 trials) paradigm. Forty-five (30 taste-responsive) of 51 cells with CT-evoked responses (36 taste-responsive) were tested with paired pulses. The majority (34; 75.6%) showed paired-pulse attenuation, defined as fewer evoked spikes in response to the second (test) pulse compared with the first (conditioning) pulse. A bimodal distribution of the peak of paired-pulse attenuation was found with modes at 10 ms and 50 ms in separate groups of cells. Cells with early peak attenuation showed short CT-evoked response latencies and large responses to relatively few taste stimuli. Conversely, cells with late peak attenuation showed long CT-evoked response latencies and small taste responses with less selectivity. Results suggest that the breadth of tuning of an NTS cell may result from the combination of the sensitivities of peripheral nerve inputs and the recurrent influences generated by the circuitry of the NTS.