System-wide molecular evidence for phenotypic buffering in Arabidopsis.

We profiled 162 lines of Arabidopsis for variation in transcript, protein and metabolite abundance using mRNA microarrays, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. We added all publicly available phenotypic data from the same lines and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 40,580 molecular and 139 phenotypic traits. We found six QTL hot spots with major, system-wide effects, suggesting there are six breakpoints in a system otherwise buffered against many of the 500,000 SNPs.