Taisuke Matsuda1,2, Yasuo Suzuki3. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. taisuke@sapmed.ac.jp. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Obihiro Kosei General Hospital, W6 S8-1, Obihiro, 080-0016, Japan. taisuke@sapmed.ac.jp. 3. Orbital Disease and Neuro-ophthalmology Center, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of the continuous viewing of horizontal disparities on the pupillary near response by using three-dimensional (3-D) displays. METHODS: The pupillary diameter and the horizontal eye position of both eyes were measured during the near response in eight healthy young adults. The measurements were made before and after viewing a 3-D movie for 15 or 30 min, or a two-dimensional (2-D) movie for 90 min. The near response was elicited by a real target that moved from the far position (0.5 m) to the near position (0.1 or 0.125 m) in the midsagittal plane at a constant velocity of +/- 0.26 diopters (D)/s. The accommodative demand was 6 or 8 D. RESULTS: A delay in the pupillary dilation in the near response was observed immediately after a 30-min viewing of a 3-D movie with an accommodative demand of 8 D (P < 0.01, one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's multiple comparison test). The delay in the pupillary dilation was not observed after a 90-min viewing of a 2-D movie. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous viewing of horizontal disparities can induce a delay in the pupillary dilation in the near response. The parameters of the pupillary near response are useful in assessing the effects of 3-D viewing.
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of the continuous viewing of horizontal disparities on the pupillary near response by using three-dimensional (3-D) displays. METHODS: The pupillary diameter and the horizontal eye position of both eyes were measured during the near response in eight healthy young adults. The measurements were made before and after viewing a 3-D movie for 15 or 30 min, or a two-dimensional (2-D) movie for 90 min. The near response was elicited by a real target that moved from the far position (0.5 m) to the near position (0.1 or 0.125 m) in the midsagittal plane at a constant velocity of +/- 0.26 diopters (D)/s. The accommodative demand was 6 or 8 D. RESULTS: A delay in the pupillary dilation in the near response was observed immediately after a 30-min viewing of a 3-D movie with an accommodative demand of 8 D (P < 0.01, one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's multiple comparison test). The delay in the pupillary dilation was not observed after a 90-min viewing of a 2-D movie. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous viewing of horizontal disparities can induce a delay in the pupillary dilation in the near response. The parameters of the pupillary near response are useful in assessing the effects of 3-D viewing.