[Spectrum of ophthalmologic and social rehabilitation at the Tübinger Low-Vision Clinic : a retrospective analysis for 1999-2005].

BACKGROUND: In addition to medical care, the visual and social rehabilitation of low-vision patients is of increasing importance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the actual spectrum of patients concerning diagnoses and appropriate low-vision aids at a low-vision clinic.
METHODS: In a retrospective study, the medical records of 4,711 patients treated at our low-vision clinic from January 1999 to December 2005 were reviewed and analyzed. The main outcome measurements were age, ophthalmologic diagnoses, magnification requirement, and prescribed low-vision aids, as well as social and professional rehabilitation measures. To evaluate the efficiency of visual rehabilitation, reading speed was measured in a subgroup of 930 patients before and after administration of low-vision aids.
RESULTS: Age-related macular degeneration was, at 40%, the most frequent diagnosis. Other main diagnoses were tapetoretinal dystrophies, optic atrophy, and diabetic retinopathy. The median magnification need was 4x. A highly significant correlation existed between the measured magnification power and the magnification factor of the prescribed low-vision aids. Visual rehabilitation was frequently sufficient with simple optical low-vision aids such as high-plus reading additions and magnifiers. Closed-circuit television systems were necessary in 26%; however, 85% of these patients had a high magnification need of more than 6 x. For distance vision, a monocular telescope was the low-vision aid prescribed most often. A high proportion of patients needed more than two low-vision aids for different application areas. Forty percent of patients needed special social and professional rehabilitation measures. In a subgroup of 930 patients, the mean reading speed was 35+/-50 words/min before the use of low-vision aids, which increased significantly to 81+/-46 words/min with the use of such aids. Therefore, the reading speed essentially doubled following the use of low-vision aids.
CONCLUSION: Our results provide actual, quantitative data about the need for and success of rehabilitation for visually impaired patients. A large number of patients suffer from age-related macular degeneration. Independent from the causal ophthalmologic diagnoses, most patients benefited greatly from the rehabilitation measures provided by the low-vision service and were thus able to improve their quality of life. In the face of the increasing number of visually impaired elderly patients, rehabilitation should start as early as possible.