BACKGROUND: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of drains on complications, including infection, seroma, and hematoma formation, in patients undergoing exchange of a temporary expander for a permanent breast implant. METHODS: A review of all tissue expander/implant breast reconstructions performed at a single center from 1997 to 2004 was undertaken. Two patient cohorts were identified: patients who underwent exchange of their expander to a permanent implant with the use of closed-suction drains and patients who underwent the exchange procedure without the use of drains. The incidence of infection, seroma, and hematoma formation was determined for each cohort. Chi-square and two-sample t tests were performed for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 2446 exchange procedures in 1863 patients were performed. In 1495 reconstructions (1165 patients), drains were placed after the exchange procedure; in 951 reconstructions (698 patients), no drains were used. There was no difference in the overall rate of complications following the exchange procedure with or without the use of drains (p = 0.886). Specifically, there was no difference in the incidence of infection necessitating implant removal in the presence of drains compared with that in the absence of drains (p = 0.585). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the rate of hematoma/seroma formation with or without the use of drains (p = 0.742). CONCLUSION: The use of periprosthetic, closed-suction drains after exchange of a temporary expander for a permanent breast implant does not affect the incidence of perioperative complications, including infection, seroma, and hematoma formation.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of drains on complications, including infection, seroma, and hematoma formation, in patients undergoing exchange of a temporary expander for a permanent breast implant. METHODS: A review of all tissue expander/implant breast reconstructions performed at a single center from 1997 to 2004 was undertaken. Two patient cohorts were identified: patients who underwent exchange of their expander to a permanent implant with the use of closed-suction drains and patients who underwent the exchange procedure without the use of drains. The incidence of infection, seroma, and hematoma formation was determined for each cohort. Chi-square and two-sample t tests were performed for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 2446 exchange procedures in 1863 patients were performed. In 1495 reconstructions (1165 patients), drains were placed after the exchange procedure; in 951 reconstructions (698 patients), no drains were used. There was no difference in the overall rate of complications following the exchange procedure with or without the use of drains (p = 0.886). Specifically, there was no difference in the incidence of infection necessitating implant removal in the presence of drains compared with that in the absence of drains (p = 0.585). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the rate of hematoma/seroma formation with or without the use of drains (p = 0.742). CONCLUSION: The use of periprosthetic, closed-suction drains after exchange of a temporary expander for a permanent breast implant does not affect the incidence of perioperative complications, including infection, seroma, and hematoma formation.
Authors: Chad R Gordon; Mark Fisher; Jason Liauw; Ioan Lina; Varun Puvanesarajah; Srinivas Susarla; Alexander Coon; Michael Lim; Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa; Jon Weingart; Geoffrey Colby; Alessandro Olivi; Judy Huang Journal: Neurosurgery Date: 2014-06 Impact factor: 4.654
Authors: Owoicho Adogwa; Aladine A Elsamadicy; Amanda R Sergesketter; Ronnie L Shammas; Sohrab Vatsia; Victoria D Vuong; Syed Khalid; Joseph Cheng; Carlos A Bagley; Isaac O Karikari Journal: J Spine Surg Date: 2018-06