Core requirements of the adenine riboswitch aptamer for ligand binding.

The adenine riboswitch aptamer, the A box, positively regulates gene expression upon adenine binding. To provide insight into structure-function relationships, important for the adenine riboswitch aptamer, we have created alignments for six aptamer sequences that reveal the core requirements. In addition, 2-aminopurine (2AP) binding studies have been used to test the consensus sequence derived from the alignment. Overall, the consensus secondary structure is consistent with 2AP binding studies. However, a position in the core, previously identified as variable, shows restriction in nucleotide sequence. Furthermore, this restriction is found to be related with the ligand specificity of the riboswitch. The implications of this relationship for the riboswitch gene regulation mechanism are discussed.