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Literature DB >> 16811473

Negative reinforcement without shock reduction.

Abstract

Stable lever-press responding in rats was reliably produced and maintained by a procedure in which responses could delay shocks without affecting overall shock frequency. Responding was not maintained when the delay-of-shock involved an increase in overall shock frequency.

Entities: Disease Species

Year: 1970 PMID： 16811473 PMCID： PMC1333732 DOI： 10.1901/jeab.1970.14-259

Source DB: PubMed Journal: J Exp Anal Behav ISSN： 0022-5002 Impact factor: 2.468

16 in total

1. Reduction of shock frequency as reinforcement for avoidance behavior.

Authors: M SIDMAN
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1962-04 Impact factor: 2.468

2. Two temporal parameters of the maintenance of avoidance behavior by the white rat.

Authors: M SIDMAN
Journal: J Comp Physiol Psychol Date: 1953-08

3. Avoidance conditioning with brief shock and no exteroceptive warning signal.

Authors: M SIDMAN
Journal: Science Date: 1953-08-07 Impact factor: 47.728

4. A rapid retractable response lever.

Authors: P N Hineline
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1968-03 Impact factor: 2.468

5. Attack, avoidance, and escape reactions to aversive shock.

Authors: N H Azrin; R R Hutchinson; D F Hake
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1967-03 Impact factor: 2.468

6. Method and theory in the study of avoidance.

Authors: R J Herrnstein
Journal: Psychol Rev Date: 1969-01 Impact factor: 8.934

Review 7. Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning.

Authors: R A Rescorla; R L Solomon
Journal: Psychol Rev Date: 1967-05 Impact factor: 8.934

8. Probability of shock in the presence and absence of CS in fear conditioning.

Authors: R A Rescorla
Journal: J Comp Physiol Psychol Date: 1968-08

9. Does CS termination reinforce avoidance behavior?

Authors: R C Bolles; L W Stokes; M S Younger
Journal: J Comp Physiol Psychol Date: 1966-10

10. Negative reinforcement as shock-frequency reduction.

Authors: R J Herrnstein; P N Hineline
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1966-07 Impact factor: 2.468

23 in total

1. Timeout postponement without increased reinforcement frequency.

Authors: C J Pietras; T D Hackenberg
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 2000-09 Impact factor: 2.468

Review 2. Stimuli inevitably generated by behavior that avoids electric shock are inherently reinforcing.

Authors: J A Dinsmoor
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 2001-05 Impact factor: 2.468

3. Responding in the squirrel monkey under fixed-ratio schedules of stimulus termination.

Authors: L D Byrd
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1977-05 Impact factor: 2.468

4. Avoidance conditioning with shock contingent upon the avoidance response.

Authors: J V Lambert; P J Bersh; P N Hineline; G D Smith
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1973-03 Impact factor: 2.468

5. Parameters affecting the maintenance of negatively reinforced key pecking.

Authors: E T Gardner; P Lewis
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1977-09 Impact factor: 2.468

6. Duration-reduction of avoidance sessions as negative reinforcement.

Authors: M Mellitz; P N Hineline; W G Whitehouse; M T Laurence
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1983-07 Impact factor: 2.468

7. Escape, avoidance, punishment: where do we stand?

Authors: J A Dinsmoor
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1977-07 Impact factor: 2.468

8. Negative reinforcement with shock-frequency increase.

Authors: E T Gardner; P Lewis
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1976-01 Impact factor: 2.468

9. Integrated delays to shock as negative reinforcement.

Authors: P Lewis; E T Gardner; L Hutton
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1976-11 Impact factor: 2.468

10. Responding maintained under intermittent schedules of electric-shock presentation: "Safety" or schedule effects?

Authors: E F Malagodi; M L Gardner; S E Ward; R L Magyar
Journal: J Exp Anal Behav Date: 1981-09 Impact factor: 2.468