Neurochemical predictors of response to pharmacologic treatments for bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a common psychiatric disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and often depression. Mood stabilizers and antipsychotics are first-line pharmacologic options for patients with bipolar disorder. However, the exact mechanisms by which these medications exert the mood stabilizing effects are unknown. Additionally, individuals with bipolar disorder often try several medications unsuccessfully before achieving mood stabilization. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique that can be used to identify the neurochemical effects and predictors of response to medications commonly used to treat bipolar disorder. MRS may facilitate targeted treatment interventions and decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with this illness. Examining the mechanisms of action of pharmacologic agents used to treat bipolar disorder may clarify the neurophysiologic basis of bipolar disorder. We will review recent MRS investigations that have evaluated the neurochemical effects of pharmacologic treatments and predictors of treatment response in patients with bipolar disorder.