Adaptive changes of response criterion in recognition memory.

An experiment was conducted to investigate people's ability to vary a response criterion strategically, in a recognition memory task, as a function of the length of time given to process the test stimuli (from 100 to 1,500 msec). The experiment used the response signal procedure, in which the participants responded after a signal that came at a variable time delay from stimulus onset. The proportion of new versus old test items was varied systematically with the time of the response signal, with the proportion of new test items rising, falling, or staying constant at later signals. It was found that the participants' response biases changed adaptively, becoming more conservative at later signals in the rising condition, becoming less conservative in the falling condition, and not changing significantly in the constant condition. Theoretical and methodological implications for recognition memory research are discussed.