BACKGROUND: Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM), which involves the resection of the nipple/areolar complex with the breast parenchyma, improves the aesthetic outcome for breast cancer patients. Most patients undergoing SSM desire reconstruction of the nipple/areolar complex for symmetry. These data explore the possibility of preserving the areola in selected mastectomy patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 217 mastectomy patients was conducted to determine the frequency of malignant nipple and/or areola involvement. The association between nipple and/or areola involvement and prognostic factors, including tumor size, stage, nuclear grade, axillary nodal status, and tumor location, was evaluated. RESULTS: The overall frequency of malignant nipple involvement was 23 of 217 (10.6%). In a subgroup of patients with tumors <2 cm, peripheral tumors, and with two positive nodes or less, the incidence of nipple involvement was 6.7%. When the nipple and areolar involvement were analyzed separately, only 2 of 217 patients had involvement of the areola (0.9%). All patients with areolar involvement had stage 3 breast cancer and were located centrally in the breast. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude from these data that nipple preservation is not a reasonable option for mastectomy patients. However, preservation of the areola with mastectomy in selected patients warrants further study.
BACKGROUND: Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM), which involves the resection of the nipple/areolar complex with the breast parenchyma, improves the aesthetic outcome for breast cancerpatients. Most patients undergoing SSM desire reconstruction of the nipple/areolar complex for symmetry. These data explore the possibility of preserving the areola in selected mastectomy patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 217 mastectomy patients was conducted to determine the frequency of malignant nipple and/or areola involvement. The association between nipple and/or areola involvement and prognostic factors, including tumor size, stage, nuclear grade, axillary nodal status, and tumor location, was evaluated. RESULTS: The overall frequency of malignant nipple involvement was 23 of 217 (10.6%). In a subgroup of patients with tumors <2 cm, peripheral tumors, and with two positive nodes or less, the incidence of nipple involvement was 6.7%. When the nipple and areolar involvement were analyzed separately, only 2 of 217 patients had involvement of the areola (0.9%). All patients with areolar involvement had stage 3 breast cancer and were located centrally in the breast. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude from these data that nipple preservation is not a reasonable option for mastectomy patients. However, preservation of the areola with mastectomy in selected patients warrants further study.
Authors: Markus Niemeyera; Johannes Ettla; Birgit Plattnera; Rainer Schmida; Daniel Müllerb; Hans-Günther Machensb; Marion Kiechlea; Stefan Paepkea Journal: Breast Care (Basel) Date: 2010-08-06 Impact factor: 2.860
Authors: Henry Paul; Tahira I Prendergast; Bryson Nicholson; Shenita White; Wayne Ai Frederick Journal: Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press) Date: 2011-08-17
Authors: Daniel Luo; Jennifer Ha; Bruce Latham; David Ingram; Tony Connell; Diana Hastrich; Weng-Chan Yeow; Peter Willsher; Joseph Luo Journal: Ochsner J Date: 2010
Authors: Jai Min Ryu; Seok Jin Nam; Seok Won Kim; Se Kyung Lee; Soo Youn Bae; Ha Woo Yi; Sungmin Park; Hyun-June Paik; Jeong Eon Lee Journal: World J Surg Date: 2016-08 Impact factor: 3.352