Scale-up of suspension and anchorage-dependent animal cells.

Alternative culture processes for laboratory scale-up (to 20 L) are described for both suspension and anchorage-dependent cells. Systems range from simple multiple culture units such as the roller bottle, through stirred suspension and microcarrier unit bioreactors, to highly sophisticated perfusion culture capable of maintaining cells at densities of about 10(8)/mL. Critical parameters in scale-up are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each culture system are critically evaluated.