Estimating intraclass correlation for binary data.

This paper reviews many different estimators of intraclass correlation that have been proposed for binary data and compares them in an extensive simulation study. Some of the estimators are very specific, while others result from general methods such as pseudo-likelihood and extended quasi-likelihood estimation. The simulation study identifies several useful estimators, one of which does not seem to have been considered previously for binary data. Estimators based on extended quasi-likelihood are found to have a substantial bias in some circumstances.