INTRODUCTION: Multifocal electroretinography (MF-ERG) is widely used in the detection of local retinal dysfunction. However, the position of the stimulus on the retina and the stability of fixation are usually not directly accessible. Thus, devices have been designed for a continuous fundus visualization during recording. METHODS: MF-ERGs were recorded with a RetiScan system connected to two different Scanning-laser ophthalmoscopes (SLOs) that use either a red (633 nm) or green (415 nm) laser for stimulation, and a VERIS 4 system connected to a piggyback stimulator prototype that added the stimulus to the optical pathway of the SLO by means of a wavelength-sensitive mirror. Fundus visualization was achieved with the infrared lasers of the SLOs (780 and 835 nm). RESULTS: The most extensive study so far with a green laser stimulus in a cat model of retinal degeneration demonstrated the capability of the device to detect retinal landmarks and the different stages of degeneration. Also, the advantages of exactly reproducible stimulus positioning for averaging within and comparison between disease groups became apparent. The results with the same setup in transgenic mice suggest a pure cone origin of the responses. In humans, recordings show that fixation is sufficiently good in most subjects. It is not clear yet whether red or green laser stimulation (or both) is preferable. The results with the prototype were very similar to the MF-ERGs obtained with a standard CRT screen. CONCLUSIONS: All three devices allowed us to record MF-ERGs with continuous fundus monitoring. Although further refinements are necessary, it is obvious that fundus controlled methods will improve the reliability of MF-ERG in future research on glaucoma, transplantation studies, and evaluation of gene therapy.
INTRODUCTION: Multifocal electroretinography (MF-ERG) is widely used in the detection of local retinal dysfunction. However, the position of the stimulus on the retina and the stability of fixation are usually not directly accessible. Thus, devices have been designed for a continuous fundus visualization during recording. METHODS: MF-ERGs were recorded with a RetiScan system connected to two different Scanning-laser ophthalmoscopes (SLOs) that use either a red (633 nm) or green (415 nm) laser for stimulation, and a VERIS 4 system connected to a piggyback stimulator prototype that added the stimulus to the optical pathway of the SLO by means of a wavelength-sensitive mirror. Fundus visualization was achieved with the infrared lasers of the SLOs (780 and 835 nm). RESULTS: The most extensive study so far with a green laser stimulus in a cat model of retinal degeneration demonstrated the capability of the device to detect retinal landmarks and the different stages of degeneration. Also, the advantages of exactly reproducible stimulus positioning for averaging within and comparison between disease groups became apparent. The results with the same setup in transgenic mice suggest a pure cone origin of the responses. In humans, recordings show that fixation is sufficiently good in most subjects. It is not clear yet whether red or green laser stimulation (or both) is preferable. The results with the prototype were very similar to the MF-ERGs obtained with a standard CRT screen. CONCLUSIONS: All three devices allowed us to record MF-ERGs with continuous fundus monitoring. Although further refinements are necessary, it is obvious that fundus controlled methods will improve the reliability of MF-ERG in future research on glaucoma, transplantation studies, and evaluation of gene therapy.
Authors: J Bennett; A M Maguire; A V Cideciyan; M Schnell; E Glover; V Anand; T S Aleman; N Chirmule; A R Gupta; Y Huang; G P Gao; W C Nyberg; J Tazelaar; J Hughes; J M Wilson; S G Jacobson Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 1999-08-17 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: M M Humphries; D Rancourt; G J Farrar; P Kenna; M Hazel; R A Bush; P A Sieving; D M Sheils; N McNally; P Creighton; A Erven; A Boros; K Gulya; M R Capecchi; P Humphries Journal: Nat Genet Date: 1997-02 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: M Biel; M Seeliger; A Pfeifer; K Kohler; A Gerstner; A Ludwig; G Jaissle; S Fauser; E Zrenner; F Hofmann Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 1999-06-22 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Elmar T Schmeisser; Joseph M Harrison; Erich E Sutter; Jeffrey Kiel; W Rowe Elliott; W E Sponsel Journal: Doc Ophthalmol Date: 2003-05 Impact factor: 2.379
Authors: Mathias W Seeliger; Bernhard H F Weber; Dorothea Besch; Eberhard Zrenner; Heinrich Schrewe; Helmut Mayser Journal: Doc Ophthalmol Date: 2003-07 Impact factor: 2.379