Probable identification of a membrane-associated repressor of Bacillus subtilis DNA replication as the E2 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

Two Bacillus subtilis lysogenic libraries were probed by an antibody specific for a previously described membrane-associated inhibitor of B. subtilis DNA replication (J. Laffan and W. Firshein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:7452-7456, 1988). Three clones that reacted strongly with the antibody contained an entire open reading frame. Sequencing identified one of the clones (R1-2) as containing the E2 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. An AT-rich sequence in the origin region was identified initially as the site to which extracts from the R1-2 clone were bound. This sequence was almost identical to one detected in Bacillus thuringiensis that also bound the E2 subunit but which was involved in activating the Cry1 protoxin gene of the organism, not in inhibiting DNA replication (T. Walter and A. Aronson, J. Biol. Chem., 274:7901-7906, 1999). However, the exact sequence was not as important in B. subtilis as the AT-rich core region. Binding would occur as long as most of the AT character of the core remained. Purified E2 protein obtained by use of PCR and an expression vector reacted strongly with antibody prepared against the repressor protein and the protein in the R1-2 clone, but its specificity for the AT-rich region was altered. The purified E2 protein was capable of inhibiting membrane-associated DNA replication in vitro, but anti-E2 antibody was variable in its ability to rescue repression when added to the assay.