OBJECTIVE: To assess racial differences in risk of developing retinopathy among individuals with type 2 diabetes, after taking into account differences in the distribution of risk factors for retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The participants were 105 individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 40-69 years, who had no evidence of retinopathy at the time of a diabetic eye disease screening project. After an average of 4 years of follow-up, the subjects were reevaluated using nonmydriatic funds photography. RESULTS: Retinopathy occurred more often among black than white participants (50 vs. 19%). This difference could not be explained by differences in risk factors for retinopathy or potential confounders (odds ratio [95% CI] 2.96 [1.00-8.78] after adjustment for level of glycosylated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, type of diabetes treatment, and sex). CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the concept that racial differences in risk of developing retinopathy exist among individuals with type 2 diabetes and that these differences may be caused by differential (genetic) susceptibility to the adverse effects of increased levels of blood glucose and/or blood pressure. Discovery of the etiology of this differential susceptibility would allows us to identify and target secondary prevention efforts to individuals with type 2 diabetes who are at increased risk of retinopathy.
OBJECTIVE: To assess racial differences in risk of developing retinopathy among individuals with type 2 diabetes, after taking into account differences in the distribution of risk factors for retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The participants were 105 individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 40-69 years, who had no evidence of retinopathy at the time of a diabetic eye disease screening project. After an average of 4 years of follow-up, the subjects were reevaluated using nonmydriatic funds photography. RESULTS:Retinopathy occurred more often among black than white participants (50 vs. 19%). This difference could not be explained by differences in risk factors for retinopathy or potential confounders (odds ratio [95% CI] 2.96 [1.00-8.78] after adjustment for level of glycosylated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, type of diabetes treatment, and sex). CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the concept that racial differences in risk of developing retinopathy exist among individuals with type 2 diabetes and that these differences may be caused by differential (genetic) susceptibility to the adverse effects of increased levels of blood glucose and/or blood pressure. Discovery of the etiology of this differential susceptibility would allows us to identify and target secondary prevention efforts to individuals with type 2 diabetes who are at increased risk of retinopathy.
Authors: Arti Tandon; Ching J Chen; Alan Penman; Heather Hancock; Maurice James; Deeba Husain; Christopher Andreoli; Xiaohui Li; Jane Z Kuo; Omolola Idowu; Daniel Riche; Evangelia Papavasilieou; Stacey Brauner; Sataria O Smith; Suzanne Hoadley; Cole Richardson; Troy Kieser; Vanessa Vazquez; Cheryl Chi; Marlene Fernandez; Maegan Harden; Mary Frances Cotch; David Siscovick; Herman A Taylor; James G Wilson; David Reich; Tien Y Wong; Ronald Klein; Barbara E K Klein; Jerome I Rotter; Nick Patterson; Lucia Sobrin Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2015-06 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: M Miyazaki; M Kubo; Y Kiyohara; K Okubo; H Nakamura; K Fujisawa; Y Hata; S Tokunaga; M Iida; Y Nose; T Ishibashi Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2004-07-28 Impact factor: 10.122