BACKGROUND: Studies of condom efficacy rely on self-reported behavior. Objective markers of exposure to semen may provide a more valid assessment of condom failure and failure to use condoms. GOALS OF THIS STUDY: To compare three semen biomarkers: acid phosphatase (AP) activity, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and the human seminal plasma antigen (MHS-5). STUDY DESIGN: Twenty women were intravaginally inoculated with six measured, increasingly larger amounts of their partners' semen. Vaginal fluid was collected by the participant using swabs and tested. RESULTS: Background levels of PSA were low (0.00-1.25 ng/ml), background levels of AP were variable (0-350 U/l), and all preinoculation samples were negative for MHS-5. All postinoculation samples were positive for PSA, 64 of 117 (55%) for AP, and 14 of 120 (12%) for MHS-5. CONCLUSION: The PSA immunoassay was the best semen biomarker under these sampling and testing conditions.
BACKGROUND: Studies of condom efficacy rely on self-reported behavior. Objective markers of exposure to semen may provide a more valid assessment of condom failure and failure to use condoms. GOALS OF THIS STUDY: To compare three semen biomarkers: acid phosphatase (AP) activity, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and the human seminal plasma antigen (MHS-5). STUDY DESIGN: Twenty women were intravaginally inoculated with six measured, increasingly larger amounts of their partners' semen. Vaginal fluid was collected by the participant using swabs and tested. RESULTS: Background levels of PSA were low (0.00-1.25 ng/ml), background levels of AP were variable (0-350 U/l), and all preinoculation samples were negative for MHS-5. All postinoculation samples were positive for PSA, 64 of 117 (55%) for AP, and 14 of 120 (12%) for MHS-5. CONCLUSION: The PSA immunoassay was the best semen biomarker under these sampling and testing conditions.
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Keywords:
Americas; Barrier Methods; Behavior; Biology; Comparative Studies; Condom; Condom Failure; Contraception; Contraceptive Methods; Developed Countries; Examinations And Diagnoses; Family Planning; Genitalia; Genitalia, Male; Laboratory Examinations And Diagnoses; Laboratory Procedures; Measurement; North America; Northern America; Physiology; Research Methodology; Research Report; Semen; Seminal Vesicles; Studies; United States; Urogenital System; User Compliance
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