Smoking urges affect language processing.

We examined the hypothesis that cigarette smoking urges take up working memory resources and interfere with language comprehension. Thirty-six smokers and 36 nonsmokers participated in the experiment. Eighteen members of each group were exposed to an imagery script that was intended to elicit a smoking urge in smokers, and the other 18 were exposed to a neutral script. The participants then performed a sentence comprehension task. The results showed that the urge script had a detrimental effect on the smokers' comprehension accuracy. As expected, there was no urge effect for the nonsmokers. Furthermore, smokers read the sentences significantly faster than nonsmokers. The results are discussed with reference to cognitive theories of urges and a capacity model of language processing.