STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of occupational exposure to carcinogens in explaining the association between socioeconomic status and lung cancer. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. Data on diet, other lifestyle factors, sociodemographic characteristics and job history were collected by means of a self administered questionnaire. Follow up for incident cancer was established by record linkage with a national pathology register and with regional cancer registries. SETTING: Population originating from 204 municipalities in The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: These comprised 58 279 men aged 55-69 years in September 1986. After 4.3 years of follow up there were 470 microscopically confirmed incident lung cancer cases with complete data on dietary habits and job history. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Estimation of occupational exposure to asbestos, paint dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and welding fumes was carried out by two experts, using information on job history from the baseline questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was measured by means of highest attained level of education and two indicators based on occupation. In the initial multivariate analyses of socioeconomic status and lung cancer, adjustment was made for age, smoking habits, intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene and retinol, and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Additional adjustment for occupational exposure to the four carcinogens mentioned above did not change the inverse association between the level of education and lung cancer risk (initial model: RR highest/lowest level of education = 0.53; 95% CI 0.34, 0.82; additional model: RR highest/lowest level of education = 0.53; 95% CI 0.34, 0.84). Nor was the association between the two occupation based indicators of socioeconomic status and lung cancer risk influenced by occupational exposure to carcinogens. The effect of occupational exposure on the association between the level of education and lung cancer risk did not differ between ex-smokers and current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to asbestos, paint dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and welding fumes could not explain the inverse association between socioeconomic status and lung cancer risk. More research which explicitly addresses possible explanations for the association between socioeconomic status and lung cancer risk is needed.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of occupational exposure to carcinogens in explaining the association between socioeconomic status and lung cancer. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. Data on diet, other lifestyle factors, sociodemographic characteristics and job history were collected by means of a self administered questionnaire. Follow up for incident cancer was established by record linkage with a national pathology register and with regional cancer registries. SETTING: Population originating from 204 municipalities in The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: These comprised 58 279 men aged 55-69 years in September 1986. After 4.3 years of follow up there were 470 microscopically confirmed incident lung cancer cases with complete data on dietary habits and job history. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Estimation of occupational exposure to asbestos, paint dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and welding fumes was carried out by two experts, using information on job history from the baseline questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was measured by means of highest attained level of education and two indicators based on occupation. In the initial multivariate analyses of socioeconomic status and lung cancer, adjustment was made for age, smoking habits, intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene and retinol, and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Additional adjustment for occupational exposure to the four carcinogens mentioned above did not change the inverse association between the level of education and lung cancer risk (initial model: RR highest/lowest level of education = 0.53; 95% CI 0.34, 0.82; additional model: RR highest/lowest level of education = 0.53; 95% CI 0.34, 0.84). Nor was the association between the two occupation based indicators of socioeconomic status and lung cancer risk influenced by occupational exposure to carcinogens. The effect of occupational exposure on the association between the level of education and lung cancer risk did not differ between ex-smokers and current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to asbestos, paint dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and welding fumes could not explain the inverse association between socioeconomic status and lung cancer risk. More research which explicitly addresses possible explanations for the association between socioeconomic status and lung cancer risk is needed.
Authors: K H Jöckel; W Ahrens; H E Wichmann; H Becher; U Bolm-Audorff; I Jahn; B Molik; E Greiser; J Timm Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 1992-04 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Gwenn Menvielle; Hendriek Boshuizen; Anton E Kunst; Paolo Vineis; Susanne O Dalton; Manuela M Bergmann; Silke Hermann; Fabrizio Veglia; Pietro Ferrari; Kim Overvad; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Anne Tjønneland; Rudolf Kaaks; Jakob Linseisen; Domenico Palli; Vittorio Krogh; Rosario Tumino; Laudina Rodriguez; Antonio Agudo; Maria-José Sánchez; Jone Miren Altzibar Arozena; Lluis Cirera; Eva Ardanaz; Sheila Bingham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Paolo Boffetta; Eric Duell; Nadia Slimani; Valentina Gallo; Elio Riboli; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2010-04-15 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Melinda C Aldrich; Steve Selvin; Margaret R Wrensch; Jennette D Sison; Helen M Hansen; Charles P Quesenberry; Michael F Seldin; Lisa F Barcellos; Patricia A Buffler; John K Wiencke Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2013-08-15 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Gwenn Menvielle; Hendriek Boshuizen; Anton E Kunst; Susanne O Dalton; Paolo Vineis; Manuela M Bergmann; Silke Hermann; Pietro Ferrari; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Anne Tjønneland; Rudolf Kaaks; Jakob Linseisen; Maria Kosti; Antonia Trichopoulou; Vardis Dilis; Domenico Palli; Vittorio Krogh; Salvatore Panico; Rosario Tumino; Frederike L Büchner; Carla H van Gils; Petra H M Peeters; Tonje Braaten; Inger T Gram; Eiliv Lund; Laudina Rodriguez; Antonio Agudo; Maria-José Sánchez; Maria-José Tormo; Eva Ardanaz; Jonas Manjer; Elisabet Wirfält; Göran Hallmans; Torgny Rasmuson; Sheila Bingham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Naomi Allen; Tim Key; Paolo Boffetta; Eric J Duell; Nadia Slimani; Valentina Gallo; Elio Riboli; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 2009-02-24 Impact factor: 13.506
Authors: Johanna Lister; Sanja Stanisic; Klaus Kaier; Christian Hagist; Dmitry Gultyaev; Stefan Walzer Journal: Clinicoecon Outcomes Res Date: 2012-10-04