Patient satisfaction and pain severity as outcomes in pain management: a longitudinal view of one setting's experience.

Longitudinal data from quality assurance studies of pain outcomes (pain severity and patient satisfaction) were critically examined to explore the reasons that patients are satisfied with their care even when they are in pain. Data were acquired from three sources: self-report surveys of patients during inpatient admission or ambulatory clinic visit (N = 306), telephone interviews of patients after discharge (N = 869), and chart reviews (N = 112). These data were compared to baseline data obtained 2 years ago, before the implementation of a number of programs designed to improve pain management. Findings reveal little change from baseline with respect to patient satisfaction with pain management--an overwhelming percentage are satisfied or highly satisfied. Similarly, there has been little change in pain intensity ratings--on average, patients' worst pain is approximately 7 on a 0-10 scale. In addition, almost all analgesic orders continue to be written for "as needed" administration. Based on these findings, we postulate that patients are satisfied even though they are in pain because they experience a commonly expected peak and trough pattern of pain relief, a pattern that occurs with "as needed" administration. That is, we conclude that pattern of pain relief, not pain severity, may be the critical determinant of satisfaction.