U.S. experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Thirteen published series concerning laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in the United States were reviewed. The review was based on reports that included at least 100 patients. Three of the series are surveys of surgery chairpersons and multiple hospitals. The other 10 series are based on the experience of the investigators. The operation was performed by trained and qualified surgeons, usually in females with early gallbladder and gallstone disease. The patient profiles were similar, and the outcomes were favorable. The incidence of complications and deaths was very low, but the rate of injury to the common bile duct was slightly higher in laparoscopic cholecystectomy than in open cholecystectomy. Intraoperative cholangiography can be performed selectively. The major benefits to the patient are a short hospital stay, early return to activity, and a reduced hospital bill.