MR imaging of knee hyaline cartilage: evaluation of two- and three-dimensional sequences.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of cadaveric knees was performed to determine optimal sequences for visualization of hyaline cartilage. Full-thickness cartilage lesions ranging in diameter from 1 to 5 mm and a partial-thickness cartilage lesion 15 mm in diameter were created in the femoral articular surfaces of three cadaveric knees. The knees were then imaged with a 1.5-T imager with various two-dimensional and high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) techniques. After imaging, the knee specimens were sectioned for evaluation. Measurements of cartilage thickness in fast spin-echo images correlated best with those in the gross specimen. Diffuse areas of cartilage thinning were also most accurately identified with fast spin-echo images. Small, focal cartilage defects were best delineated in 3D SPGR (spoiled GRASS [gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state]) images.