Screening and management of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus: recommendations to the Scientific Advisory Board of the National Kidney Foundation from an ad hoc committee of the Council on Diabetes Mellitus of the National Kidney Foundation.

All individuals with diabetes mellitus should be screened yearly with a spot urine albumin:creatinine ratio to identify those who are at increased risk for the development of complications of diabetes mellitus, including nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease. Once these high-risk individuals are appropriately identified, it is recommended that therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor be initiated. In addition, cardiovascular risk factors should be investigated, and when appropriate, therapeutic interventions should be initiated according to existing recommendations.