STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if there are differences in lung cancer incidence between socioeconomic groups in the Netherlands and if so, if smoking habits and other lifestyle characteristics could explain these differences. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Baseline measurement included information on socioeconomic status, smoking habits, and other covariates by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Follow up was established by computerised record linkage to cancer registries and a pathology register. SETTING: Population originating from 204 municipalities in The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: 58,279 men aged 55-69 years in September 1986. After 3.3 years of follow up 490 microscopically confirmed incident lung cancer cases were detected. MAIN RESULTS: An inverse association between lung cancer risk and highest level of education was found, which persisted after adjustment for age, smoking, dietary intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene and retinol (rate ratio (RR) highest/lowest level of education = 0.52, 95% CI 0.33, 0.82, trend p < 0.001). Men with a lower white collar profession had a significantly lower relative rate of lung cancer compared with blue collar workers (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.47, 0.96), but after adjustment for smoking habits this difference was reduced (RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.51, 1.08). CONCLUSIONS: There is an inverse association between highest level of education and lung cancer, which is still apparent after adjustment for age, smoking, dietary intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene and retinol. The significantly lower lung cancer risk of lower white collar workers compared with the risk of blue collar workers could be partially explained by smoking habits.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if there are differences in lung cancer incidence between socioeconomic groups in the Netherlands and if so, if smoking habits and other lifestyle characteristics could explain these differences. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Baseline measurement included information on socioeconomic status, smoking habits, and other covariates by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Follow up was established by computerised record linkage to cancer registries and a pathology register. SETTING: Population originating from 204 municipalities in The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: 58,279 men aged 55-69 years in September 1986. After 3.3 years of follow up 490 microscopically confirmed incident lung cancer cases were detected. MAIN RESULTS: An inverse association between lung cancer risk and highest level of education was found, which persisted after adjustment for age, smoking, dietary intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene and retinol (rate ratio (RR) highest/lowest level of education = 0.52, 95% CI 0.33, 0.82, trend p < 0.001). Men with a lower white collar profession had a significantly lower relative rate of lung cancer compared with blue collar workers (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.47, 0.96), but after adjustment for smoking habits this difference was reduced (RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.51, 1.08). CONCLUSIONS: There is an inverse association between highest level of education and lung cancer, which is still apparent after adjustment for age, smoking, dietary intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene and retinol. The significantly lower lung cancer risk of lower white collar workers compared with the risk of blue collar workers could be partially explained by smoking habits.
Authors: A J van Loon; R A Goldbohm; I J Kant; G M Swaen; A M Kremer; P A van den Brandt Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Date: 1997-02 Impact factor: 3.710
Authors: Christopher G Slatore; Alyson J Littman; David H Au; Jessie A Satia; Emily White Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2007-11-07 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Gwenn Menvielle; Hendriek Boshuizen; Anton E Kunst; Paolo Vineis; Susanne O Dalton; Manuela M Bergmann; Silke Hermann; Fabrizio Veglia; Pietro Ferrari; Kim Overvad; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Anne Tjønneland; Rudolf Kaaks; Jakob Linseisen; Domenico Palli; Vittorio Krogh; Rosario Tumino; Laudina Rodriguez; Antonio Agudo; Maria-José Sánchez; Jone Miren Altzibar Arozena; Lluis Cirera; Eva Ardanaz; Sheila Bingham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Paolo Boffetta; Eric Duell; Nadia Slimani; Valentina Gallo; Elio Riboli; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2010-04-15 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Melinda C Aldrich; Steve Selvin; Margaret R Wrensch; Jennette D Sison; Helen M Hansen; Charles P Quesenberry; Michael F Seldin; Lisa F Barcellos; Patricia A Buffler; John K Wiencke Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2013-08-15 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Gwenn Menvielle; Hendriek Boshuizen; Anton E Kunst; Susanne O Dalton; Paolo Vineis; Manuela M Bergmann; Silke Hermann; Pietro Ferrari; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Anne Tjønneland; Rudolf Kaaks; Jakob Linseisen; Maria Kosti; Antonia Trichopoulou; Vardis Dilis; Domenico Palli; Vittorio Krogh; Salvatore Panico; Rosario Tumino; Frederike L Büchner; Carla H van Gils; Petra H M Peeters; Tonje Braaten; Inger T Gram; Eiliv Lund; Laudina Rodriguez; Antonio Agudo; Maria-José Sánchez; Maria-José Tormo; Eva Ardanaz; Jonas Manjer; Elisabet Wirfält; Göran Hallmans; Torgny Rasmuson; Sheila Bingham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Naomi Allen; Tim Key; Paolo Boffetta; Eric J Duell; Nadia Slimani; Valentina Gallo; Elio Riboli; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 2009-02-24 Impact factor: 13.506