Expression of gastrin, gastrin/CCK-B and gastrin/CCK-C receptors in human colorectal carcinomas.

To investigate further the presence of an autocrine proliferative loop involving gastrin in colorectal carcinomas and to clarify the receptor responsible, 102 human colorectal carcinomas and 10 hepatic metastases were investigated for the expression of the genes encoding gastrin, the gastrin/CCK-B receptor and the gastrin/CCK-C receptor. Levels of RNA expression were assayed by RNase protection assay. In addition, gastrin/CCK receptors on crude membranes of tumour tissue were assayed by radioligand binding. High-affinity gastrin/CCK-B receptors were not detected in any of the carcinomas investigated, whereas in 36% low-affinity binding was observed, consistent with the expression of the gastrin/CCK-C receptor. RNase protection assay detected the RNA for the gastrin/CCK-B receptor in 11% of the carcinomas investigated, whereas the RNA for the gastrin/CCK-C receptor was demonstrated in 75% and the RNA for gastrin in 86% of the carcinomas investigated. These results confirm the recent demonstration of progastrin fragments in colorectal carcinomas. One possible explanation for progastrin expression is that such progastrin fragments may participate in an autocrine proliferative loop. The receptor involved in this loop is more likely to be the low-affinity gastrin/CCK-C receptor rather than the gastrin/CCK-B receptor, which is rarely expressed in colorectal carcinomas.