Radiographic screening in the early detection of lung cancer.

A prospective study designed to detect early lung cancer in a high risk outpatient volunteer population is in progress. At present all 10,362 volunteers have been recruited into the project. A review of the radiographs of patients with lung cancer identified on the initial screen, or in retrospect, has led to the following conclusions: (1) Independent double reading is important in a screening project. (2) There are no reliable radiographic criteria to distinguish early lung cancer from benign disease. (3) The lateral chest radiograph is useful in the high risk patient. From these conclusions the authors have three recommendations for the practicing radiologist. (1) Since double reading improves sensitivity, attempt to doubly read a chest radiograph by removing your eyes from the film and look at it a second time before finalizing your report. (2) Consider any newly appearing, noncalcified lesion in the chest radiograph of a high risk individual as primary lung cancer until proven otherwise. (3) Consider the "routine chest radiograph" in a high risk patient as a challenge to detect early lung cancer rather than the drudgery of day to day clinical practice.