Inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro by proteins from the seeds of Momordica charantia (bitter pear melon).

1. A haemagglutinating lectin was purified from the seeds of Momordica charantia by affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B and on acid-treated Sepharose 6B. It has mol.wt. 115 000 and consists of four subunits, of mol.wts. 30 500, 29 000, 28 500 and 27 000. 2. The lectin inhibits protein synthesis by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate with an ID50 (concentration giving 50% inhibition) of approx. 5 micrograms/ml. Protein synthesis by Yoshida ascites cells is partially inhibited by the lectin at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. 3. From the same seeds another protein was purified which has mol.wt. 23 000 and is a very potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in the lysate system, with an ID50 of 1.8 ng/ml. This inhibitor has no effect on protein synthesis by Yoshida cells, and has no haemagglutinating properties. 4. Artemia salina ribosomes preincubated with the lectin or with the inhibitor lose their capacity to perform protein synthesis. The proteins seem to act catalytically, since they inactivate a molar excess of ribosomes. 5. The lectin and the inhibitor are somewhat toxic to mice, the LD50 being 316 and 340 micrograms/100 g body wt. respectively.