Optokinetic and vection responses to apparent motion in man.

Apparent motion was investigated as a stimulus for optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and self-motion perception (vection). Apparent motion was stimulated by stroboscopically illuminating vertical stripes on the interior of a large drum that rotated about the observer at 20, 40 and 60 deg/sec. We determined threshold stroboscopic frequencies (f) for the appearance of smooth continuous apparent motion and measured responses of pursuit, OKN, optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) and vection, to stroboscopic frequencies at, above and below f. Pursuit occurred for all of these stimuli. However OKN, OKAN and vection only occurred for frequencies equal to or greater than the threshold for continuous apparent motion. Our results suggest that pursuit can occur as a response to apparent motion generated by both small and large image displacements, while OKN and vection are responses to apparent motion generated by small image displacements only. These results suggest that different afferent sources are utilized for the control of pursuit and of the slow phase of OKN.