Enzymes hydrolyzing ApppA and/or AppppA in higher plants. Purification and some properties of diadenosine triphosphatase, diadenosine tetraphosphatase, and phosphodiesterase from yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) seeds.

Three distinct enzymes hydrolyzing either ApppA or AppppA, or both, were separated and purified from yellow lupin seed extracts. Two of the enzymes were purified to homogeneity. These enzymes differ greatly in their catalytic and physical properties. One hydrolase, with a native molecular weight of 41,000, exhibits broad pH (from 5-8) optimum for activity, requires Mg2+ for activity, is inhibited by zinc ions (I0.5 = 25 microM) and hydrolyses ApppA (V = 1), ApppC (V = 0.38), ApppG (V = 0.2), and ribose(5')pppA (V = 0.2). The enzyme exhibits much lower activity with AppppA (V = 0.1), and ApppppA, AppppppA, ppppA, and ATP are hydrolyzed 25- to 100-fold slower then ApppA. ADP was always one of the products of the reactions catalyzed by the enzyme. AppA, NAD, NADP, FAD, cAMP, and p-nitrophenyl-thymidine 5'-phosphate were not hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The enzyme is diadenosine 5',5"'-P1, P3-triphosphatase. The second hydrolase, composed of one polypeptide chain of a molecular weight 18,000-18,500, exhibits optimal activity in the pH range from 7.5-9, requires Mg2+ for activity, is inhibited by calcium ions (I0.5 for calcium depends on the concentration of Mg2+ and is 35-180 microM in the presence of 0.5-10 mM Mg2+, respectively), and hydrolyzes AppppA (V = 1, Km = 1 microM), ApppppA (V = 0.42, Km = 1.8 microM), AppppppA (V = 0.34), AppppU (V = 0.73), AppppC (V = 0.67), AppppG (V = 0.27), and ppppA. ATP was always one of the products of the reactions catalyzed by the enzyme. Dinucleoside di- and triphosphates, ATP, cAMP, and p-nitrophenylthymidine 5'-phosphate were not hydrolyzed by the enzyme. This enzyme is diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.17). The third hydrolase, composed of one polypeptide chain of a molecular weight of 56,000, exhibits maximal activity at pH 9-10.5, does not require Mg2+ ions for activity, is inhibited neither by divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Mn2+, or Ni2+) nor by EDTA, and uses as substrates all compounds which are substrates for the diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P3-triphosphatase and diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphatase. In addition, the enzyme hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl-thymidine 5'-phosphate, p-nitrophenylthymidine 3'-phosphate, bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate, ADP, AppA, NAD, NADP, and FAD, but not cAMP. With the exception of p-nitrophenylphosphate derivatives all other substrates of the enzyme yield AMP as one of the products of hydrolysis. This enzyme has a specificity similar to that of phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.1) from other sources. With the lupin phosphodiesterase, ApppA (V = 1, Km = 2.2 microM) and AppppA (V = 1, Km = 2.0 microM) are better substrates than NAD (V = 0.8, Km = 9.6 microM), AppA (V = 0.4), ApppppA (V = 0.6), and AppppppA (V = 0.34).