Stereospecific stimulation of brown adipocyte respiration by catecholamines via beta 1-adrenoreceptors.

Regulation of respiration by catecholamines was studied in adipocytes isolated from interscapular brown adipose tissue of warm-acclimated rats by rapid digestion of collagenase. (-)-Norepinephrine stimulated adipocyte respiration 10-12 times above basal values in less than 3 min. (Vmax = 410 +/- 29.5 nmol O2 . min-1 . 10(-6) cells-1). Stimulated respiration remained stable for at least 20 min, provided that cells were incubated in balanced salt media containing bicarbonate. The maximal capacity of total brown adipose tissue for norepinephrine-stimulated respitarion was estimated at 1.5 ml O2/min per rat. beta-Adrenergic agonists increased calorigenesis stereospecifically with an order of potency expected for respiratory stimulation via adrenoceptors of the beta 1-subtype: (-)-isoproterenol (1/2 Vmax = 2 nM) greater than (-)-norepinephrine (1/2 Vmax = 20 nM) approximately equal to (-)-epinephrine (1/2 Vmax = 40 nM) greater than corresponding (+)-stereoisomers. The alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (1/2 Vmax = 5 microM) stimulated adipocyte respiration as rapidly and as effectively as beta-agonists. Although alpha-adrenoreceptors are present in brown adipose tissue, studies with alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists revealed that norepinephrine elicits thermogenesis at physiological concentrations (less than or equal to 1 microM) predominantely via beta 1-adrenergic pathways.