The effects of temperature on the composition and physical properties of the lipids of Pseudomonas fluorescens.

1. Pseudomonas fluorescens was grown at various temperatures between 5 degrees C and 33 degrees C. The extractable lipids from organisms at various stages of growth and grown at different temperatures were examined. 2. The extractable lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and an ornithine-containing lipid. The relative amounts of these lipids did not vary significantly during growth or with the changes in growth temperature. 3. The major fatty acids were hexadecanoic, hexadecenoic and octadecenoic acids and the cyclopropane acids methylene-hexadecanoic and methylene-octadecanoic acids. The relative amount of unsaturated acids (including cyclopropane acids) did not change significantly during growth, but increased with decreasing temperature. 4. Phosphatidylethanolamines with different degrees of unsaturation and containing different amounts of cyclopropane acids were isolated from organisms grown at 5 degrees C and 22 degrees C and their surface and phase behaviour in water was investigated. Thermodynamic parameters for fusion and monolayer results for cyclopropane and other fatty acids were examined. 5. The surface pressure-area isotherms of phosphatidylethanolamines containing different amounts of unsaturated fatty acids show small differences but the individual isotherms remain essentially unchanged over the temperature range 5-22 degrees C. X-ray-diffraction methods show that the structures (lamellar+hexagonal) formed in water by phosphatidylethanolamine, isolated from organisms grown at 5 degrees C and 22 degrees C, are identical when compared at the respective growth temperatures. This points to a control mechanism of the physical state of the lipids that is sensitive to the operating temperature of the organism. 6. The molecular packing of cyclopropane acids is intermediate between that of the corresponding cis- and trans-monoenoic acids. However, substitution of a cyclopropane acid for a cis-unsaturated acid has insignificant effects on the molecular packing of phospholipids containing these acids.