Mapping muscle protein genes by in situ hybridization using biotin-labeled probes.

The genes coding for the myosin heavy chain isoforms (unc-54, myo-1, myo-2 and myo-3) and the actins (act-1,2,3 and act-4) have been mapped on the embryonic metaphase chromosomes of Caenorhabditis elegans by in situ hybridization. The genes were cloned in a cosmid vector and the entire cosmid was nick translated to incorporate biotin-labeled dUTP. This produced a probe DNA complementary to a 35-45 kb length of chromosomal DNA. The hybridization signal from the cosmid probe, detected by immunofluorescence, could be easily seen by eye. The clear signals and the specific hybridization of the cosmid probes provided a faster means of mapping these single copy genes than small probes cloned in plasmid or lambda vectors. The myosin heavy chain genes are not clustered. Only unc-54 and myo-1 mapped to the same chromosome; the unc-54 locus is at the extreme right end of linkage group I and myo-1 mapped 40-50% from the left end of linkage group I. Myo-2 mapped to the X, 52-75% from the left end. The myo-3 gene mapped to the middle of linkage group V near the cluster of three actin genes (act-1,2,3). The fourth actin gene, act-4 mapped to 20-35% from the left end of X.