| Literature DB >> 36226212 |
Emiliano Neves Vialle1, Guilherme Zandavalli Ramos1, Fabian Lopez Hinojosa2, Alfredo Guiroy3, Luiz Gustavo Dal'Oglio da Rocha1, André de Oliveira Arruda1.
Abstract
Objective The present study evaluates radiographic outcomes and the lumbar lordosis achieved with a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) arthrodesis technique according to the positioning of an interbody device (cage) in the disc space. Methods This is a retrospective radiographic analysis of single-level surgical patients with degenerative lumbar disease submitted to a TLIF procedure and posterior pedicle instrumentation. We divided patients into two groups according to cage positioning. For the TLIF-A group, the cages were anterior to the disc space; for the TLIF-P group, cages were posterior to the disc space. Considering the superior vertebral plateau of the lower vertebra included in the instrumentation, cages occupying a surface equal to the anterior 50% of the midline were placed in the TLIF-A group, and those in a posterior position were placed in the TLIF-P group. We assessed pre- and postoperative orthostatic lateral radiographs to obtain the following measures: lumbar lordosis (LL) (angle L1-S1), segmental lordosis (LS) (L4-S1), and segmental lordosis of the cage (SLC). Results The present study included 100 patients from 2011 to 2018; 44 were males, and 46 were females. Their mean age was 50.5 years old (range, 27 to 76 years old). In total, 43 cages were "anterior" (TLIF-A) and 57 were "posterior" (TLIF-P). After surgery, the mean findings for the TLIF-A group were the following: LL, 50.7°, SL 34.9°, and SLC 21.6°; in comparison, the findings for the TLIF-P group were the following: LL, 42.3° ( p < 0.01), SL 30.7° ( p < 0.05), and SLC 18.8° ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Cage positioning anterior to the disc space improved lumbar and segmental lordosis on radiographs compared with a posterior placement. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: lordosis; lumbosacral region; spinal fusion; spondylolisthesis
Year: 2022 PMID: 36226212 PMCID: PMC9550357 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756215
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1Lateral spine radiograph demonstrating the angular measurements after cage introduction. LL, lumbar lordosis; SLC, segmental lordosis of the cage; SL, segmental lordosis.
Fig. 2Lateral spine radiograph demonstrating the criterium for cage positioning at the intervertebral space. TLIF-A, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with an anterior cage; TLIF-P, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a posterior cage.
Demographic data from the TLIF-A and TLIF-P groups
| Group | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TLIF-A | TLIF-P | |||
| Gender |
Male (
| 25 | 29 | 54 |
|
Female (
| 18 | 28 | 46 | |
| Age | Mean (years) | 52 | 49 | |
| Surgical indication |
Stenosis with instability (
| 16 | 13 | 29 |
|
Degenerative spondylolisthesis (
| 16 | 29 | 45 | |
|
Lytic spondylolisthesis (
| 11 | 15 | 26 | |
| Instrumented level |
L5–S1 (
| 26 | 11 | 37 |
|
L4–L5 (
| 16 | 39 | 55 | |
|
L3–L4 (
| 1 | 7 | 8 | |
|
Total (
| 43 | 57 | 100 | |
Abbreviations: TLIF-A, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with an anterior cage; TLIF-P, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a posterior cage.
Preoperative and postoperative comparison of data from lateral radiographs in orthostasis
| Age (years old) | Preop LL (L1–S1) | Preop SL (L4–S1) | Preop SLC (variable) | Postop LL (L1–S1) | Postop SL (L4–S1) | Postop SLC (variable) | TLIF-A | TLIF-P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 50.5 | 53.09 | 35.7 | 20.92 | 46.61 | 33.03 | 20.5 | 43 | 57 |
|
Male (
| 47.5 | 52.26 | 35.98 | 21.80 | 47.17 | 33.31 | 20.69 | 25 | 29 |
|
Female (
| 54 | 54.07 | 35.37 | 19.89 | 45.96 | 32.70 | 20.28 | 18 | 28 |
|
Comparative
|
| 0.22 | 0.38 | 0.14 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.40 |
Abbreviations: LL, Lumbar lordosis; Preop, preoperative; Postop, postoperative; SL, segmental lordosis; SLC, segmental lordosis of the cage; TLIF-A, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with an anterior cage; TLIF-P, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a posterior cage.
Comparison of preoperative and postoperative lordosis parameters according to cage positioning (TLIF-A versus TLIF-P)
|
| Age (years old) | Preop LL (L1–S1) | Preop SL (L4–S1) | Preop SLC (variable) | Postop LL (L1–S1) | Postop SL (L4–S1) | Postop SLC (variable) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TLIF-A | 43 | 52 | 53.93 | 35.88 | 21.28 | 50.72 | 34.91 | 21.56 |
| TLIF-P | 57 | 49 | 52.46 | 35.56 | 20.65 | 43.51 | 31.61 | 19.70 |
|
Comparative
|
| 0.26 | 0.43 | 0.36 |
|
| 0.12 |
Abbreviations: LL, Lumbar lordosis; Preop, preoperative; Postop, postoperative; SL, segmental lordosis; SLC, segmental lordosis of the cage; TLIF-A, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with an anterior cage; TLIF-P; transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a posterior cage.
Statistical analysis comparing TLIF-A with TLIF-P
| Preop LL (L1–S1) | Preop SL (L4–S1) | Preop SLC (variable) | Postop LL (L1–S1) | Postop SL (L4–S1) | Postop SLC (variable) | Preop LL (L1–S1) | Preop SL (L4–S1) |
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
TLIF-A(
| 53.93 | 50.72 |
| 35.88 | 34.91 | > 0.05 | 21.28 | 21.56 | > 0.05 |
|
TLIF-P (
| 52.46 | 43.51 |
| 35.56 | 31.61 |
| 20.65 | 19.70 | > 0.05 |
Abbreviations: LL, Lumbar lordosis; Preop, preoperative; Postop, postoperative; SL, segmental lordosis; SLC, segmental lordosis of the cage; TLIF-A, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with an anterior cage; TLIF-P; transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a posterior cage.
Comparison of subjects with preoperative lumbar lordosis lower or higher than 50°
| Age (years old) | Gender (M/F) | Preop LL | Preop SL | Preop SLC | Postop LL | Postop SL | Postop SLC | Cage positioning | Δ LL | Δ SL | Δ SLC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LL < 50° | 50.6 | 22M/16F | 41.18 | 27.18 | 17.13 | 40.89 | 28.13 | 18.42 | 14 TLIF-A | 0.29 | - 0.95 | - 1.29 |
| LL > 50° | 50.5 | 32M/30F | 52.97 | 35.62 | 20.88 | 46.55 | 32.98 | 20.48 | 28 TLIF-A | 6.42 | 2.63 | 0.4 |
| Valor de p | 0.45 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.0002 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.01 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.06 |
Abbreviations: F, Female; LL, lumbar lordosis; M, male; Preop, preoperative; Postop, postoperative; SL, segmental lordosis; SLC, segmental lordosis of the cage; TLIF-A, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with an anterior cage; TLIF-P; transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a posterior cage.
Fig. 1Radiografia de coluna em perfil (lateral) demonstrando as aferições angulares após introdução do cage – LL (lordose lombar), LSC (lordose segmentar do cage) e LS (lordose segmentar).
Fig. 2Radiografia de coluna em perfil (lateral) demonstrando o critério de posicionamento do cage no espaço intervertebral – anterior (TLIF-A) ou posterior (TLIF-P).
Dados demográficos considerando os grupos TLIF-A e TLIF-P
| Grupo | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TLIF-A | TLIF-P | |||
| Gênero |
Masculino (
| 25 | 29 | 54 |
|
Feminino (
| 18 | 28 | 46 | |
| Idade | Média (anos) | 52 | 49 | |
| Indicação cirúrgica |
Estenose com instabilidade (
| 16 | 13 | 29 |
|
Espondilolistese degenerativa (
| 16 | 29 | 45 | |
|
Espondilolistese lítica (
| 11 | 15 | 26 | |
| Nível abordado |
L5-S1 (
| 26 | 11 | 37 |
|
L4-L5 (
| 16 | 39 | 55 | |
|
L3-L4 (
| 1 | 7 | 8 | |
|
Total (
| 43 | 57 | 100 | |
Abreviações: TLIF-A, artrodese intersomática lombar transforaminal anterior; TLIF-P, artrodese intersomática lombar transforaminal posterior.
Avaliação comparativa pré- versus pós-operatório, medidas em radiografias laterais em ortostatismo
| Idade (anos) | Pré-op LL ° (L1–S1) | Pré-op LS ° (L4–S1) | Pré-op LSC ° (variável) | Pós-op LL ° (L1–S1) | Pós-op SL ° (L4–S1) | Pós-op LSC ° (variável) | TLIF-A | TLIF-P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Média | 50,5 | 53,09 | 35,7 | 20,92 | 46,61 | 33,03 | 20,5 | 43 | 57 |
|
Masculino (
| 47,5 | 52,26 | 35,98 | 21,80 | 47,17 | 33,31 | 20,69 | 25 | 29 |
|
Feminino (
| 54 | 54,07 | 35,37 | 19,89 | 45,96 | 32,70 | 20,28 | 18 | 28 |
|
| 0,22 | 0,38 | 0,14 | 0,31 | 0,37 | 0,40 |
Abreviações: LL, lordose lombar; LS, lordose segmentar; LSC, lordose segmentar do cage ; pré-op, pré-operatório; pós-op, pós-operatório;
TLIF-A, artrodese intersomática lombar transforaminal anterior; TLIF-P, artrodese intersomática lombar transforaminal posterior.
Comparação entre o posicionamento do cage (TLIF-A versus TLIF-P) e os parâmetros de lordose pré- e pós-operatórios
|
| Idade (anos) | Pré-op LL ° (L1–S1) | Pré-op LS ° (L4–S1) | Pré-op LSC ° (variável) | Pós-op LL ° (L1–S1) | Pós-op LS ° (L4–S1) | Pós-op LSC ° (variável) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TLIF-A | 43 | 52 | 53,93 | 35,88 | 21,28 | 50,72 | 34,91 | 21,56 |
| TLIF-P | 57 | 49 | 52,46 | 35,56 | 20,65 | 43,51 | 31,61 | 19,70 |
|
| 0,26 | 0,43 | 0,36 |
|
| 0,12 |
Abreviações: LL, lordose lombar; LS, lordose segmentar; LSC, lordose segmentar do cage ; pré-op, pré-operatório; pós-op, pós-operatório.
Análise estatística comparativa de TLIF- A versus TLIF-P
| Pré-op LL | Pós-op LL |
| Pré-op LS | Pós-op LS |
| Pré-op LSC | Pós-op LSC |
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
TLIF-A(
| 53,93 | 50,72 |
| 35,88 | 34,91 | > 0,05 | 21,28 | 21,56 | > 0,05 |
|
TLIF-P (
| 52,46 | 43,51 |
| 35,56 | 31,61 |
| 20,65 | 19,70 | > 0,05 |
Abreviações: LL, lordose lombar; LS, lordose segmentar; LSC, lordose segmentar do cage ; pré-op, pré-operatório; pós-op, pós-operatório.
Comparação entre pacientes com lordose lombar pré-operatória abaixo e acima de 50°
| Idade (anos) | Gênero (M/F) | Pré-op LL ° | Pré-op LS ° | Pré-op LSC ° | Pós-op LL ° | Pós-op LS ° | Pós-op LSC ° | Posição do cage | Δ LL ° | Δ LS ° | Δ CSL ° | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LL < 50° | 50,6 | 22M / 16F | 41,18 | 27,18 | 17,13 | 40,89 | 28,13 | 18,42 | 14 TLIF-A | 0,29 | - 0,95 | - 1,29 |
| LL > 50° | 50,5 | 32M / 30F | 52,97 | 35,62 | 20,88 | 46,55 | 32,98 | 20,48 | 28 TLIF-A | 6,42 | 2,63 | 0,4 |
| Valor de p | 0,45 | < 0,0001 | < 0,0001 | 0,0002 | < 0,0001 | < 0,0001 | 0,01 | < 0,0001 | < 0,0001 | 0,06 |
Abreviações: F, feminino; LL, lordose lombar; LS, lordose segmentar; LSC, lordose segmentar do cage ; M, masculino; pré-op, pré-operatório; pós-op, pós-operatório.