Co-production of Classes A and B Carbapenemases BKC-1 and VIM-2 in a Clinical Pseudomonas Putida Group Isolate from Brazil.

Emergence of resistance to classical antimicrobial agents is a public health issue, especially in countries with high antimicrobial consumption rates. Carbapenems have been employed as first-choice option for empirical treatment complicated infections. However, in the last decades, frequency of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria has rising, demanding the use of alternative antimicrobial agents. By sequencing the entire genomes with short and long reads technologies, we report the isolation and genomic characterization of a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas clinical isolate. The identification based on average nucleotide identity indicates a putative new species into the Pseudomonas putida Group, which carries both the blaBKC-1 and blaVIM-2 carbapenemase genes. The blaBKC-1 was found to be on a transferable IncQ plasmid backbone, whereas blaVIM-2 was found in a new integron, In2126 (intl1∆-blaVIM-2-aacA7-blaVIM-2∆-aacA27-3'CS), described in this study. Our findings indicate that co-occurrence of classes A and B carbapenemase enzymes underscores the evolving emergence of more complex antimicrobial resistance in opportunistic pathogens.